تأثير تمرين تكليف دوگانه و تمرين عملكردي بر عملكردهاي اجرايي و شناختي، راه رفتن، تعادل، قدرت عضلاني و كيفيت زندگي در سالمندان با سندرم حركتي

Title: The Effect of Dual-Task an‎d Functional Training on Executive Functions, Gait, Balance, an‎d Muscle Strength an‎d quality life in Elderly with Locomotive Syndrome

رفتار حركتي و مديريت ورزش

Abstract With increasing age, executive an‎d cognitive functions, balance, muscular strength, an‎d quality of life become significant challenges in older adults. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest–posttest measures. Three groups were included: two experimental groups (dual-task training an‎d functional training) an‎d one control group. The study population consisted of older adults aged 65–75 years diagnosed with locomotive syndrome, who were ran‎domly assigned to the groups after initial screening an‎d confirmation of eligibility criteria. The training interventions were implemented for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, with each session lasting 45–60 minutes. Cognitive, motor, an‎d quality-of-life assessments were conducted before an‎d after the interventions to eva‎luate the effects of the training programs on the target variables. Analysis of covariance revealed that the training interventions had a significant effect on inhibitory control (response inhibition) in older adults with locomotive syndrome with a greater effect observed in the dual-task training group. In addition, functional training significantly improved cognitive flexibility , an‎d working memory improved in both training groups compared with the control group. Regarding motor components, gait speed an‎d step length improved significantly in both training groups compared with the control group, with no significant difference between the two training groups. Balance performance showed greater improvement in the dual-task training group compared with the functional training an‎d control groups. In terms of muscular strength, both training interventions resulted in significant improvements compared with the control group, with a stronger effect observed in the functional training group. Finally, quality of life improved significantly in both training groups compared with the control group, with no significant difference between the two training approaches. These findings indicate that motor–cognitive training, particularly dual-task an‎d functional training, can effectively enhance cognitive an‎d motor performance as well as quality of life in older adults. Both dual-task an‎d functional training improve executive an‎d cognitive functions, gait, balance, muscular strength, an‎d quality of life in older adults with locomotive syndrome; however, dual-task training appears to be more effective in improving inhibitory control an‎d balance, whereas functional training is more effective in enhancing muscular strength an‎d cognitive flexibility. Therefore, an optimal rehabilitation program should combine both approaches according to individuals’ functional needs. Keywords: Executive functions; Cognitive function; Balance; Muscular strength; Quality of life; Locomotive syndrome

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