شبيه‌سازي و ارزيابي تخمين قطر وريد ژوگولار به‌منظور پايش نارسايي قلبي با استفاده از روش طيف‌سنجي بيوامپدانس

Simulation an‎d assessment of jugular vein diameter estimation for heart failure monitoring using bioimpedance spectroscopy

مهندسي پزشكي

Jugular venous distension (JVD) is one of the most important clinical indicators of heart failure; however, its conventional assessment is highly dependent on physician expertise an‎d does not provide continuous quantitative monitoring. The aim of this study was to improve the accuracy of internal jugular vein diameter estimation using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) by optimizing electrode configuration an‎d measurement parameters. To attribute bioimpedance variations specifically to venous changes, the BIS response of the neck was investigated under three physiological conditions, including resting, inspiration, an‎d increased intra-abdominal pressure. Under these conditions, the carotid artery diameter exhibits no significant changes, an‎d the observed impedance variations are predominantly associated with changes in the blood volume of the internal jugular vein. Finite element analysis was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics to eva‎luate the effects of jugular vein diameter, electrode design, voltage sensing electrode spacing, an‎d excitation frequency. The results demonstrated that changes in jugular vein diameter were significantly reflected in the bioimpedance signal an‎d that the estimation accuracy depended on the uniformity of the electric field. Specifically, a larger spacing between the current-injecting electrodes combined with a smaller spacing between the centrally positioned voltage-sensing electrodes produced a more uniform electric field. Under small diameter variations, the minimum estimation error was reduced to 0.1–0.2%, while even under the widest range of diameter variations, the minimum error remained within 4–6%. Furthermore, increasing the spacing between the current-injecting electrodes to 90 mm resulted in a more uniform electric field an‎d improved estimation accuracy. These findings indicate that optimizing the electrode configuration can substantially enhance the accuracy of non-invasive monitoring of hemodynamic changes in the internal jugular vein.

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