افعال حسي در زبان فارسي: رويكردي رده‌شناختي

Perception verbs constitute one of the fundamental lexical categories through which languages encode perceptual experience, conceptualization, an‎d cognitive organization. Although the typology of perception verbs has been extensively investigated across languages, the typological organization of perception verbs in Persian an‎d its correspondence with cross-linguistic patterns remain insuffi-ciently explored. Accordingly, the present study aims to identify the typological hierarchy of Persian perception verbs, establish the relative ranking of perceptu-al domains, an‎d eva‎luate their correspondence with cross-linguistic typological models. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical, corpus-based approach. The data were extracted from two major Persian corpora, the Bijankhan Corpus an‎d the Dade-gan Corpus. First, the core perception verbs representing the five perceptual do-mains—visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, an‎d tactile perception—together with all their inflectional an‎d derivational forms, were retrieved from the corpo-ra. After data cleaning, duplicate removal, an‎d the exclusion of non-perceptual uses, a total of 9,837 perception verb tokens from the Bijankhan Corpus an‎d 638 tokens from the Dadegan Corpus were retained for analysis. The data were ana-lyzed quantitatively an‎d qualitatively within the typological frameworks pro-posed by Viberg (1983), Evans an‎d Wilkins (2000), Majid an‎d Levinson (2011), an‎d Norccliffe an‎d Majid (2024). The analysis focused on perceptual domains, frequency distribution, usage patterns, an‎d the typological hierarchy of percep-tion verbs. The findings reveal that the visual domain is dominant in both corpora, account-ing for 84.32% of all perception verb occurrences in the Bijankhan Corpus an‎d 80.41% in the Dadegan Corpus. The frequency hierarchy of Persian perception verbs follows the order visual ‎> auditory ‎> gustatory ‎> olfactory ‎> tactile. While this hierarchy broadly corresponds to cross-linguistic typological tendencies, the relative ranking of the lower perceptual domains diverges from the universal hi-erarchy reported in previous typological studies. These findings indicate that, although Persian shares general cross-linguistic tendencies in the lexical organi-zation of perception verbs, its perceptual hierarchy is also shaped by language-specific cognitive an‎d semantic factors. Overall, this study provides a large-scale corpus-based typological account of Persian perception verbs. By integrating extensive corpus evidence with contem-porary typological frameworks, it contributes to a deeper understan‎ding of the lexical organization of perception in Persian an‎d offers a foundation for future cross-linguistic, typological, an‎d cognitive linguistic research.

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