اثر هدف گزيني و تشويق كلامي بر اكتساب و يادداري يك مهارت ورزشي

The effect of Goal Setting versus Verbal Encouragement on acquisition an‎d retention of a sport skill

رفتار حركتي و مديريت ورزش

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of "goal setting" an‎d "verbal encouragement" on the acquisition an‎d retention of basketball free-throw skills. Methodology: The research sample consisted of 24 novice adolescent male players selec‎ted through convenience sampling. Based on pre-test scores, participants were divided into two groups of 12. The first group practiced under goal-setting conditions, while the second group practiced under verbal encouragement conditions across 10 sessions (3 days per week over a 4-week period). Acquisition tests were conducted throughout the 10 sessions, followed by an immediate retention test after 24 hours an‎d a delayed retention test after 10 days of no practice. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) an‎d independent t-tests. Findings: Results indicated that during the acquisition phase, participants in both groups experienced identical progress. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the two groups during the immediate retention phase. However, in the delayed retention phase, the verbal encouragement group demonstrated significantly better performance compared to the goal-setting group. Conclusion: These results suggest that for teaching basketball free-throw skills to novice adolescent boys, utilizing the motivational component of "verbal encouragement" is more effective than "goal setting" in terms of long-term learning an‎d skill persistence.

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