تحليل تأثير سياست انرژي امريكا بر نقش و جايگاه اوپك در بازار جهاني انرژي در قرن 21

OPEC was established with the aim of playing a greater role in the international energy system. The most important international oil exporting organization has played an important role in the world energy market, but it is affected by various variables, including the energy policies of non-member countries such as the United States. The most important tool of the organization to achieve this goal has always been to use the huge oil reserves an‎d excess production capacity of its member countries. Energy, as one of the main pillars of the economy an‎d international relations, has been affected by developments such as the emergence of shale oil, economic sanctions, an‎d the promotion of renewable energies. OPEC, which has played a central role in the oil market by coordinating production an‎d pricing since 1960, is now facing challenges from US policies. The US is one of the actors whose explanation of its energy policy as a hegemonic power has a great impact on understan‎ding OPECʹs fragile situation in the global market. The USA is the worldʹs largest energy consumer, an‎d has therefore always been vulnerable in this regard; both domestically an‎d in the economic crises that result from it, an‎d internationally, as a hegemonic actor responsible for the flow of public goods, one of the variables affecting OPEC is the external factor, that is, countries outside OPEC. The current situation indicates a decrease in OPECʹs influence due to the increase in US shale production, the decline in production by sanctioned members such as Iran an‎d Venezuela, an‎d the shift in global deman‎d towards clean energy. In contrast, the desired situation for OPEC is to maintain its strategic position an‎d be flexible in the face of these developments. The United States of America is considered one of the largest energy consumers in the world, which has influenced OPEC an‎d its performance. Therefore, the United States, as one of the players in the energy sector, has always tried to pursue its own strategies an‎d policies at various times an‎d to dominate an‎d influence other major energy players. In recent decades, the energy policy of the United States of America has undergone major changes that have had widespread consequences on the global energy market, especially on the role an‎d position of OPEC. This study, with the aim of analyzing the impact of US energy policy on the role an‎d position of OPEC in the global energy market in the century, tries to address the fundamental question of what impact US energy policies have had on OPEC? In response to the aforementioned question, this study seeks to examine this issue using the descriptive an‎d analytical research method an‎d the theoretical framework of energy political economy with an emphasis on energy security an‎d energy policy. The United States, using three main tools, including the shale revolution, economic sanctions, an‎d the expansion of renewable energy, increased American energy independence, changed the balance of supply an‎d deman‎d in the global energy market, an‎d ultimately reduced OPECʹs traditional role an‎d position in managing the global oil market. The results of the discovery of shale oil, especially in the United States, reduced OPECʹs traditional influence on the oil market an‎d changed the organizationʹs strategy towards cooperation with non-member producers. So this development was one of the most important changes in the energy market in recent decades. The results of the US economic sanctions show that these sanctions have had a significant impact on the global oil supply, OPECʹs internal balance, an‎d the organizationʹs policies by limiting the production an‎d exports of some OPEC members.

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