بررسي و تحليل تجارت و راه هاي تجاري ايالت فارس از زمان محمدشاه تا ناصرالدين شاه قاجار(1313_1250ه ق)

Investigation an‎d Analysis of Trade an‎d Trade Routes of State from the time of Mohammad shah to Naser al-din shah Gajar(1834_1896AD)

تاريخ

The province of Fars, due to its exceptional geographical position an‎d direct connection with the ports of the Persian Gulf, was one of the main centers of commercial an‎d economic activity in Iran during the Qajar era. This study, using a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the commerce an‎d trade routes of the province of Fars between 1250 an‎d 1313 AH, corresponding to the reigns of Mohammad Shah an‎d Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. The main objective of this research is to identify an‎d analyze the most important economic an‎d productive goods of Fars, to assess the impact of exports an‎d imports on the region’s economic an‎d social structures, to study domestic an‎d foreign trade routes, an‎d to explain the role of Persian Gulf ports in developing an‎d facilitating the commercial exchanges of this province. The findings of the research indicate that the commercial economy of Fars during this period was based on the production an‎d exchange of goods such as opium, cotton, silk, grains, horticultural products, livestock, an‎d animal by-products. A significant portion of these goods was exported to domestic an‎d foreign markets, particularly through the Persian Gulf ports. In contrast, the importation of industrial goods, factory-made textiles, sugar, tea, an‎d other European an‎d Indian consumer goods gradually weakened local industries an‎d transformed production an‎d consumption patterns in the province. Fluctuations in the volume of exports an‎d imports affected not only regional trade an‎d tax revenues but also brought notable social consequences, including changes in the livelihoods of urban an‎d rural populations. Furthermore, lan‎d trade routes—especially the connections between Shiraz an‎d Bushehr an‎d the central provinces—alongside the active ports of the Persian Gulf, functioned as the main arteries of exchange an‎d played a crucial role in linking Fars to internal an‎d external trade networks. In addition, the Qajar government’s economic policies, the level of security along trade routes, an‎d the influence of foreign powers—particularly Britain—had a substantial impact on the course of trade an‎d the distribution of commercial goods in the province during the studied period. Overall, the study’s results show that trade an‎d the network of trade routes in Fars during this era not only stimulated economic activity but also brought significant social an‎d structural transformations to the province, securing its position in the economic lan‎dscape of Qajar Iran.

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