نقد،ترجمه و توضيح كتاب:اقتصاد اخلاقي- چرا مشوق هاي خوب جايگزين شهروندان خوب نيستند؟اثر ساموئل باولز

Review, translation, an‎d explanation of the book: Moral Economy - Why Good Incentives Are Not a Substitute for Good Citizens? by Samuel Bowles

علوم قرآن و حديث

Abstract This thesis aims to translate, critique, an‎d examine the complex relationship between material incentives an‎d moral motivations in human behavior, written by Samuel Bowles. Bowles argues that, contrary to popular belief, economic incentives do not always reinforce desirable behaviors an‎d, in many cases, can even weaken intrinsic an‎d moral motivations; a phenomenon he refers to as the “substitution effect1”. The author shows, with examples from everyday life, public policy, education, the workplace, an‎d even child rearing, that when moral behavior is valued, individuals may view that behavior not as a moral duty but as an economic transaction. The research method of this thesis is descriptive-analytical with a documentary approach.First, the text of the book is briefly translated, then its theoretical foundations are explained using library resources an‎d related articles in behavioral economics. Next, the authorʹs views are critically examined an‎d compared with classical an‎d contemporary theories. Then, the results are summarized an‎d eva‎luated within the framework of qualitative content analysis. Despite the authorʹs theoretical coherence an‎d remarkable arguments, some generalizations require broader empirical evidence in diverse cultural contexts. Also, the demarcation between the role of intrinsic motivations an‎d institutional mechanisms in some parts could have been explained with more conceptual precision. However, the present work opens a new horizon in rethinking the relationship between ethics, motivation, an‎d economic policymaking an‎d paves the way for complementary research.Ultimately, the author advocates an approach in which material incentives an‎d moral motives are complementary, not substitutes Keywords: Material Incentives, Moral Motivations, Behavioral Economics, Crowding-out Effect, Samuel Bowles, Public Policy Ethical Behavior.

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