مقايسه اثر تمرينات مقاومتي وتمرينات EMS بر سطح ليپوكالين 2 و نيمرخ ليپيدي در مردان چاق واضافه وزن

Comparison of the effect of resistance training an‎d EMS training on lipocalin 2 level an‎d lipid profile in men obese an‎d overweight

فيزيولوژي ورزش

Abstract Obesity an‎d overweight are among the most important public health concerns, associated with increased systemic inflammation an‎d dysregulation of lipid metabolism. One of the inflammatory markers related to obesity is lipocalin-2, which is closely linked to insulin resistance an‎d dyslipidemia. Exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, can play an effective role in improving these markers. The present study aimed to compare the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training an‎d whole-body electrical muscle stimulation (WB-EMS) on lipocalin-2 levels an‎d lipid profile in overweight an‎d obese men. This semi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a control group. A total of 35 men aged 30–50 years with a body mass index (BMI) over 25 kg/m² were ran‎domly assigned to three groups: resistance training (n = 11), WB-EMS (n = 13), an‎d control (n = 11). The resistance training protocol included multi-joint exercises at 50–85% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), an‎d the WB-EMS protocol consisted of whole-body electrical stimulation combined with bodyweight exercises. Both training groups participated in three sessions per week for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected before an‎d after the intervention to assess lipocalin-2, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), an‎d high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The results showed that resistance training an‎d WB-EMS had differential effects on the measured variables. Lipocalin-2 expression decreased in both exercise groups, with a significantly greater reduction in the WB-EMS group. Regarding lipid indices, resistance training led to a significant reduction in LDL an‎d a significant increase in HDL within the group, whereas WB-EMS did not produce significant changes in these two variables. However, both exercise modalities resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol, with no significant difference between them. Triglyceride levels decreased significantly in both groups, with WB-EMS showing a stronger effect than resistance training. Additionally, both interventions significantly improved body composition (weight, BMI, an‎d body fat percentage), without significant differences between the two training modalities. Overall, the findings indicate that both exercise strategies can effectively improve lipid profile, lipocalin-2 expression, an‎d body composition in overweight individuals, although the pattern of their effects differs. Keywords: Whole-body electrical muscle stimulation (WB-EMS), resistance training, obesity, overweight, inflammation, lipocalin-2, lipid profile

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