مطالعه نظري عملكرد يك آبگرمكن خورشيدي در حالت استفاده از حلالهاي يوتكتيك عميق به عنوان سيال كار: تحليل انرژي، اكسرژي و محيط زيستي

Theoretical investigation on the performance of a solar water heater using Deep Eutectic Solvents as the working fluid by energy, exergy, an‎d environmental analyses

مهندسي شيمي

In todayʹs world, renewable energy, particularly solar energy, plays a key role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Solar water heaters, as one of the efficient systems, face the challenge of the intermittency of solar radiation, which can be addressed by integrating thermal energy storage systems based on phase change materials. This research focuses on comparing the performance of deep eutectic solvents as novel phase change materials with paraffin (as a common material) in a flat-plate solar water heater as an auxiliary system for building air heating. The studied system includes a flat-plate solar collector, a shell-an‎d-tube thermal energy storage unit, an‎d a water storage tank, where the phase change material is placed in the shell, an‎d the heat transfer fluid flows through the tubes of the thermal storage unit. The main objectives of this study include comparing the performance of deep eutectic solvents with paraffin, as well as conducting an economic an‎d environmental analysis based on indicators such as energy savings, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, an‎d initial capital costs. The research methodology is based on theoretical studies, extraction of correlations from reliable sources, an‎d numerical modeling. The performance comparison includes calculating parameters such as the minimum required number of collectors, the amount of energy stored an‎d released, an‎d the exergy efficiency of the collector.The results showed that the choline chloride–tartaric acid deep eutectic solvent, due to its higher density an‎d lower melting temperature, has superior performance for thermal energy storage compared to paraffin. The amount of energy stored over a 6-month period in the studied system using the choline chloride–tartaric acid mixture is 9712.8 MJ, whereas the stored energy decreases to 9147.6 MJ when paraffin is used. Moreover, complete melting of 444 kg of this mixture requires at least seven flat-plate solar collectors, while complete melting of 276 kg of paraffin requires a minimum of nine flat-plate solar collectors. From an environmental perspective, this mixture results in higher stored energy, thereby achieving greater reductions in fossil fuel consumption an‎d carbon dioxide emissions. This highlights the importance of employing advanced energy storage systems in achieving sustainable development goals an‎d enhancing energy conservation.

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