تحليل مقايسه اي تغييرات سياست و فرهنگ در ايران؛ از منظر سفرنامه نويسان منتخب

A Comparative Analysis of Political an‎d Cultural Changes in Iran; From the Perspective of selec‎ted Travel Writers

علوم سياسي

Abstract This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of political an‎d cultural changes in Iran from the perspective of selec‎ted foreign travel writers (the Shirley brothers, Josepha Barbaro, an‎d Jean Otter) during the Timurid/Safavid to Afshari periods. Using qualitative content analysis an‎d a comparative approach, the findings showed that Iranian politics evolved from a semi-centralized commercial structure during the Timurid period (Barbaro) to a religious absolute monarchy under Safavid rule (Shirley) an‎d a military dictatorship under Afshari rule (Otter). Cultural changes also shifted from a commercial ethno-diversity to a religious tradition an‎d then under military pressure, with elements such as hospitality an‎d the role of religion remaining constant. Common patterns included the concentration of power, external influence on politics, an‎d cultural hospitality, while differences were seen in the relative secularism of Timurids, the religiosity of Safavids, an‎d the militarism of Afshari. The interaction of politics an‎d culture showed religion as the main bridge. The political typology identified three patterns (semi-centralized commercial, religious absolutist, military dictatorship) an‎d three cultural patterns (ethnic commercial, traditional religious, under military pressure). Theorizing suggested a cycle of concentration an‎d resistance, cultural stability, an‎d external influence. Limitations such as external bias were managed. Comparison with domestic studies complemented the external perspective. By confirming the hypotheses, this research provided a framework for understan‎ding Iran’s historical developments an‎d made suggestions for cultural policymaking an‎d future research. Keywords: Political change, Cultural change, Foreign travelogues, Safavid, Timurid, Afshari, Hospitality, Centralization of power, Shiite religion, Typology.

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