اندازه گيري تخريب حاصل از تابش الكترون‌هاي گريزان روي اجزاي مجاور با پلاسما در توكامك دماوند

Runaway electrons are a significant phenomenon that occurs during the operation of a tokamak an‎d have been a problem since the beginning of nuclear fusion research. The appropriate choice of materials for the structure of the first tokamak wall an‎d the plasma-facing components is very important, especially in large tokamaks such as ITER, due to the deposition of energy from runaway electrons on the plasma-facing components during collision events, which leads to intense heat transfer an‎d material damage in the form of melting, corrosion an‎d fracture. These runaway electrons also contribute to the production of photoneutrons through nuclear reactions (γ, n), leading to the activation of materials an‎d requiring remote control. In this study, by comprehensively investigating the effects of runaway electrons on the wall an‎d tungsten plasma facing components in the tokamak, the amount of energy deposition, the effects of the magnetic field an‎d its absence on the amount of deposited energy, the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity, the angle of incidence of electrons on the wall an‎d the divertor, the occurring reactions, the contribution of each reaction to the energy deposition, the total energy deposition spectrum, an‎d the energy deposition spectrum resulting from each reaction have been fully investigated. Also, by considering a wide range of tungsten metal thicknesses in a very wide range of electron energies impacting the target, the energy from the electron for which the highest amount of energy deposition occurs in each tungsten thickness has been obtained, so that by knowing the desired thickness, the energy from the electrons that leaves the highest amount of energy in this thickness can be predicted in advance. In addition, the amount of reflection an‎d transmission of energy from electrons, photons, an‎d neutrons has been eva‎luated an‎d analyzed in different thicknesses. Also, the deposition of runaway electron energy, the deposition spectrum an‎d the reactions that occur for the Damavan‎d Tokamak limiter have been studied an‎d calculated. In the following, the thermal patterns an‎d heat transfer due to the deposition of runaway electron energy in the wall with tungsten, L316 steel, an‎d graphite, which are the selec‎ted materials for the material of the tokamak wall, were calculated, analyzed, an‎d examined. Finally, by selec‎ting a target made of these materials an‎d with similar dimensions considered in the simulation, these samples were irradiated in the Damavan‎d Tokamak for 30 consecutive shots, an‎d the extent of the destructive effects caused by the collision of runaway electrons on these materials was studied an‎d analyzed.

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