مدلسازي بادبردگي پايل ذخيره كنستانتره سنگ آهن

Wind erosion from open-air iron ore concentrate stockpiles is one of the major challenges in controlling particulate emissions in storage yards an‎d can lead to significant material loss as well as environmental an‎d health impacts. The objective of the present study is to develop a quantitative framework for predicting wind erosion an‎d to derive design criteria for solid an‎d porous windbreak walls at an industrial scale. In this research, the flow field around the stockpile was simulated three-dimensionally under steady an‎d incompressible flow assumptions. The k–ω SST turbulence model, combined with atmospheric boundary layer–based inlet conditions, was employed to accurately reproduce near-surface flow characteristics. Subsequently, the EPA empirical wind erosion model was implemented as a user-defined function (UDF) an‎d coupled with the CFD solver, such that the surface mass removal rate was calculated based on friction velocity an‎d the erosion threshold condition an‎d applied as a mass source term.Scenario eva‎luations were performed using two complementary metrics, namely the total wind erosion rate an‎d the effective wind erosion area, with reference to the aerodynamic results, allowing the erosion intensity an‎d spatial extent to be assessed simultaneously. By selec‎ting an initial porous wall configuration with a height of 12 m an‎d a wall-to-stockpile distance equal to the stockpile height, an‎d then extending the analysis to various geometric configurations an‎d scenarios, the results demonstrated that porous walls provide a more efficient an‎d robust solution for wind erosion control compared to solid walls. The performance of porous walls was found to be nonlinearly dependent on porosity, with an optimum-like region observed at low porosities between 10% an‎d 20%. While the solid wall reduced the wind erosion index by approximately 68%, the porous wall achieved a reduction of about 85–90% in selec‎ted scenarios relative to the no-wall case, corresponding to an improvement of approximately 20–25 percentage points over the solid wall. This enhanced performance is attributed to a more uniform reduction of the velocity field an‎d the suppression of flow separation regions an‎d secondary turbulence in the presence of the porous wall. Furthermore, the results indicated that changes in stockpile orientation significantly increase wind erosion in the absence of a wall, whereas the selec‎ted porous wall substantially mitigates this geometric sensitivity an‎d leads to a more stable system response.

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