بررسي اصول و تدوين كدهاي اخلاقي ابررويداد پياده‌روي اربعين با تأكيد بر جامعه ميهمان

An Examination of Principles an‎d the Formulation of Ethical Codes for the Mega-Event of the Arbaeen Pilgrimage with Emphasis on the Host Community

معارف اسلامي

The Arba’een pilgrimage, as one of the world’s largest religious mega-events, entails, beyond its ritual dimension, extensive ethical, social, an‎d civilizational consequences for both the pilgrims an‎d the host community. The present study aims to identify an‎d analyze the ethical principles an‎d codes governing the Arba’een pilgrimage from the perspectives of pilgrims an‎d Mowkeb organizers, an‎d to explain its functions in improving individual an‎d collective behavior. This research is applied in terms of purpose an‎d, methodologically, adopts a mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) approach with a descriptive-survey design. In the qualitative phase, 40 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Iranian an‎d Iraqi Mowkeb organizers using purposive sampling, an‎d the data were analyzed using thematic analysis with NVivo software. The results led to the identification of four core ethical principles—sincerity (Ikhlas), human dignity, justice, an‎d patience—which are tangibly manifested in the management styles an‎d service provisions of the Mowkebs. In the quantitative phase, a researcher-developed 27-item questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was administered to 401 pilgrims (convenience sampling), with the overall reliability of the instrument confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.938. Data analysis using exploratory an‎d confirmatory factor analysis (EFA an‎d CFA) extracted five main factors: civilizational identity an‎d social responsibility; moral self-awareness an‎d spiritual transcendence; social solidarity an‎d collective ethics; economic consequences an‎d psychological peace; an‎d executive management an‎d health services. The findings indicate that the ethical codes of the Arba’een pilgrimage, based on the identified principles, have the capacity to enhance the individual an‎d collective behavior of pilgrims an‎d improve interaction with the host community. This research, while offering practical recommendations for relevant institutions an‎d pilgrims as the guest community, emphasizes the preservation of human dignity, mutual respect, an‎d the reinforcement of the ethical an‎d spiritual spirit of this great pilgrimage movement.

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