طراحي و بهينه‌سازي زنجيره تأمين سوخت‌هاي زيستي تحت عدم قطعيت: كاربرد بلاك‌چين و بهينه‌سازي چندهدفه استوار

Design an‎d Optimization of a Biofuel Supply Chain under Uncertainty: An Application of Blockchain Technology an‎d Robust Multi-Objective Optimization

مديريت

The increasing instability of biofuel supply chains—driven by economic fluctuations, water scarcity, operational risks, an‎d limited information transparency—necessitates the development of integrated an‎d resilient models capable of capturing the real-world complexity of such systems. This research proposes a comprehensive framework for the robust design an‎d optimization of a dynamic, multi-echelon biofuel supply chain based on woody biomass an‎d Paulownia trees. The model simultaneously pursues four key objectives: minimizing total cost, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, decreasing unmet deman‎d (social dimension), an‎d minimizing inventory risk.To address uncertainties in supply, deman‎d, costs, an‎d water availability, three complementary approaches are employed: scenario-based modeling, fuzzy programming, an‎d robust optimization. This integrated uncertainty management framework enhances the stability of both strategic an‎d operational decisions across a wide range of future conditions.A key innovation of this study lies in the systematic integration of treated municipal an‎d industrial wastewater as a process an‎d irrigation water source within a circular economy framework. This approach reduces dependence on freshwater resources, lowers operational costs, an‎d improves environmental performance. From a technological perspective, the research develops a conceptual blockchain model an‎d explicitly incorporates the effects of transparency an‎d traceability into the mathematical objective functions. The results demonstrate how improved data integrity can reduce inefficiencies caused by information asymmetry, minimize unnecessary transportation, an‎d enhance the reliability of material flows throughout the supply chain.Computational results obtained under the three uncertainty approaches indicate that, although the robust model entails a marginal increase in initial cost, it significantly enhances supply chain stability, reduces inventory risk, an‎d improves the triple dimensions of sustainability. Moreover, the utilization of treated wastewater decreases water procurement costs an‎d alters the optimal biomass sourcing an‎d facility location decisions.Overall, by integrating circular economy principles, triple-bottom-line sustainability, risk management, an‎d blockchain technology, this research provides a forward-looking an‎d practical framework for the design of resilient biofuel supply chains, effectively bridging the gap between theoretical models an‎d the operational requirements of sustainable energy systems.

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