مباني فلسفي و ديني آموزشي تفكر انتقادي به كودكان

Philosophical an‎d religious foundations of teaching critical thinking to children

معارف اهل‌البيت(ع)

Critical thinking is a new scientific concept that has been considered in the last century an‎d is recognized as a fundamental skill for the wise education of humans in Islamic society. Considering the transformation of societies an‎d the intensity of opinions an‎d beliefs in the era of innovation, the educational system considers it obligatory to guide the path of advancing educational goals towards familiarizing children with the process of critical thinking skills, so that they can not be misled by the challenges ahead, in the face of a large volume of information, an‎d their critical literacy (including analysis, eva‎luation, an‎d inference) is able to respond appropriately to the problems an‎d issues ahead. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method an‎d considering the religious an‎d philosophical foundations of critical thinking an‎d the role an‎d necessity of teaching it in the present era, was conducted among children with the aim of providing a method to strengthen an‎d cultivate this approach, an‎d it reached the following results: the Quran, as a source for inviting all humans to think, contains the components of critical thinking, which constitute its religious foundations. Religious principles are of great importance in view of the culture that governs society an‎d the emphasis on preserving an‎d expan‎ding religious values, an‎d they guide the philosophical outlook of the individual an‎d the educational system. The Quran mentions components for critical thinking, including: storytelling, questioning, judging with a specific criterion, analogy, reasoning, critical analysis, avoiding bias an‎d personal goals, experience an‎d learning from lessons, justice, an‎d truth-seeking. In addition, the model for teaching critical thinking an‎d its principles are based on certain deeper philosophical foundations in the dimensions of epistemology (cognition an‎d knowledge in critical theory are an emphasis on the close relationship between the world as it should be), anthropology (freedom an‎d agency, epistemology, trainability, dignity, being active an‎d questioning), an‎d axiology (the relativity of values an‎d an emphasis on moral values).

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