چكيده لاتين
The title of this research is Rewriting the Common View in Shia Theology on the Issue of Righteousness and Salvation and Examining Its Advantages Over the Three Approaches of Inclusivism, Exclusivism, and Pluralism. The aim of this rewriting is to articulate and formulate a new version of the common position of Shia scholars and to address the challenges and drawbacks of the three approaches separately, in an attempt to clarify and separate the components of the issue in order to express the superiority of the Shia view approach to the issue of righteousness and salvation. This research was conducted by examining the views of Shiite and non-Muslim theologians, using a library method, and using an analytical and descriptive method. Based on divine wisdom, the creation of the universe was necessary so that humanity could reach the goal of this wisdom, which was knowledge of God and self-knowledge, with the guidance of divine prophets and to the extent of understanding that was prescribed for it. In this journey, from the creation of Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) to the end of the world, one of the most important and fundamental intellectual concerns of mankind, including followers of divine and non-divine religions, has been and is the provision of a path of salvation and redemption for its followers. With the amazing expansion of the communications and media space, this concern and the doubts and questions surrounding it have taken on greater importance. Since rationally and historically, salvation and redemption are not formed exclusively in the light of a particular religion and belief, it has mistakenly forced Western theological thinkers to propose three approaches: pluralism, inclusivism, and exclusivism. Each of them presented numerous opinions to prove the validity of their opinions, which naturally had numerous strengths and weaknesses, and led to the formation of various doubts in this area. Therefore, Shiite theologians, citing the divine verses and the words of the infallible Imams (peace be upon them) as the chapter of the sermon, sought to answer these doubts and clarify opinions by pointing out the weaknesses of these three approaches and the superiority of the Shiite view.
In this thesis, an attempt has been made to first briefly define religion and take a brief look at the three common approaches to the issue of legitimacy and salvation. Then, in the second stage, after discussing the challenges and drawbacks of the above three approaches (exclusionism, pluralism, and inclusiveness), we will show the advantages and superiority of the Shiite view over those views separately. In other words, we will specify how this approach has been able to remain free and pure from the challenges and drawbacks of competing theories (while enjoying the strengths of their theories).
and finally, we will present a new formulation and formulation of the positions common among Shiite scholars. We will refer to this formulation or rewriting as the “separation” approach. Next, using the separation approach, by separating religions into longitudinal and transverse pluralism, we will express the contradictions and challenges of the three approaches. Finally, by separating the issue of legitimacy from salvation and dividing the obligated into the deficient and the guilty, we will prove that the three approaches are fundamentally irrelevant to the issue of legitimacy and salvation.
