تبيين و بررسي وضعيت هديه و رشوه در زمان امويان (41 ه تا 132 ه.ق)

Explanation an‎d Study of the Status of Gifts an‎d Bribes during the Umayyad Period (41 AH to 132 AH)

تاريخ

Gifts an‎d bribes have always been an‎d are, of course, with varying degrees of intensity an‎d weakness, at all times an‎d in all governments. Gifts depend on the intention of the giver an‎d the credit of the giver an‎d the recipient. Sometimes gifts are exchanged as a form of love an‎d friendship between individuals, with the intention of pleasing God, an‎d this is very desirable an‎d praiseworthy. However, sometimes gifts are sent to someone for a specific purpose an‎d goal, an‎d are usually given to government employees an‎d officials, an‎d are given more for the status of the individual than for the person himself. In other words, gifts are given to create friendship an‎d affection between the parties, but bribes are used to start a business. If bribery penetrates a society, it causes many corruptions such as injustice, despair, an‎d general distrust, an‎d gradually destroys the fabric of society an‎d destroys the legitimacy an‎d popularity of the government an‎d the law. One of these states an‎d governments that ruled the Islamic society for nearly a century was the rulers an‎d sultans of the Umayyad dynasty, who officially ruled from 41 AH to 132 AH. They transformed the caliphate into a kingdom an‎d, like the kings of Rome an‎d Iran, gave gifts an‎d bribes to government officials in various ways. The Umayyads resorted to great generosity to strengthen the foundations of their empire. The founder of the Umayyad dynasty, Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan, moved the center of the caliphate from Kufa to the Levant as a move to create distance between the new state an‎d its powerful rivals. Muawiyah established a purely Arab state in the Levant that lasted for a thousan‎d months, during which fourteen caliphs who declared themselves kings ruled the Islamic society. Syria was the heart of the Umayyad state, an‎d the people of Syria considered the Umayyads to be the only heirs of the Messenger of God, peace an‎d blessings be upon him an‎d his family, an‎d the Umayyad rulers considered the people of Syria to be their own household. The research method in this study is a descriptive-analytical method using library resources, an‎d we introduce the rulers of the affairs an‎d explain their political, socio-cultural an‎d economic status, an‎d we analyze an‎d examine the main recipients an‎d payers of gifts an‎d bribes, as well as the impact of gifts an‎d bribes on the formation, continuation, decline an‎d fall of the Umayyad state.

5

153153