تهيه و شناسايي غشاهاي اولترافيلتراسيون/ميكروفيلتراسيون بر پايه‌ي پليمرهاي سلولزي با استفاده از الگوهاي تشكيل دهنده حفره با نانوذرات كلسيم كربنات

Preparation an‎d characterization of ultrafiltration/microfiltration membranes based on cellulosic polymers using pore former templates with nanoparticles

نانو فناوري

Water, as a vital resource, faces significant challenges in quality an‎d accessibility due to population growth, industrialization, an‎d agricultural development. In recent decades, membrane technologies have gained a prominent role in water treatment an‎d desalination owing to their high efficiency, ease of use, an‎d low energy consumption. These technologies include microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), an‎d reverse osmosis (RO), an‎d are classified based on pore size an‎d driving force. Among them, MF an‎d UF membranes are widely used in water purification an‎d biotechnological industries due to their ability to remove suspended particles, bacteria, an‎d macromolecules. Membranes can be fabricated using various methods such as electrospinning, stretching, track-etching, an‎d phase inversion. Among these, phase inversion is the most commonly employed due to its simplicity, structural controllability, an‎d capability to produce porous membranes with desirable performance. In this study, porous polymeric membranes based on cellulose acetate were prepared using the phase inversion method. The use of nanoparticles as sacrificial templates allows the design of membranes with precisely controlled pores; targeted removal of these nanoparticles enables adjustable pore size an‎d distribution, enhancing membrane filtration performance. Calcium carbonate nanoparticles were used as the sacrificial template. Spherical nanoparticles were synthesized an‎d incorporated into the polymeric matrix. Subsequently, the nanoparticles were removed through acid etching, forming pores with controlled distribution within the membrane structure. The polymer solution, consisting of cellulose acetate an‎d acetone, was prepared, followed by the addition of nanoparticles an‎d glycerol, an‎d then cast into membrane films. Characterizations of the nanoparticles an‎d membranes were carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction sprectroscopy (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), an‎d Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Mechanical strength tests, permeation flux measurements, oil-in-water emulsion separation, an‎d porosity analysis were conducted to eva‎luate membrane performance. The results demonstrated that the presence an‎d controlled removal of calcium carbonate nanoparticles enhanced considerably the membrane porosity an‎d filtration efficiency, highlighting their potential for water treatment applications.

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