اثر ژل رويال بر بارداري تحت استرس و ميزان كورتيزول و تست ماز به‌علاوه مرتفع در نوزادان رت ماده

Effect of Royal Jelly on Stress-Exposed Pregnancy, Cortisol Levels, an‎d Elevated Plus Maze Performance in Offspring of Female Rats

زيست شناسي گياهي و جانوري

Stress is a significant factor influencing human health, capable of impairing memory an‎d disrupting learning by interfering with the proper functioning of the nervous system. Physical stress induces oxidative stress, disturbing the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) an‎d antioxidants. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, an‎d diabetes. Numerous studies indicate that prenatal stress can lead to cognitive impairments in offspring, particularly affecting memory an‎d learning capabilities. This type of stress is associated with hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis an‎d alterations in the activity of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine, an‎d serotonin. Royal jelly consists of water, sugars, lipids, proteins, an‎d amino acids. Among the unsaturated fatty acids present, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) plays a crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress. Royal jelly is rich in natural antioxidants such as flavonoids an‎d phenolic compounds, which help reduce the accumulation of free radicals an‎d exert protective effects against oxidative stress. In this study, physical stress was induced in pregnant rats using a restrainer device to generate oxidative stress an‎d examine its impact on offspring memory. Furthermore, the potential protective effects of royal jelly on stress-induced memory deficits in neonatal rats were eva‎luated. The elevated plus maze (EPM) test was used to assess anxiety-related behavior in female offspring whose mothers had been subjected to stress an‎d treated with royal jelly. Pregnant Wistar rats, weighing between 180–200 grams, were divided into four experimental groups. To induce stress, the rats were subjected to restraint stress from gestational day 15 to 21 for 45 minutes, three times daily. Stress was applied using a restraint device. To investigate the preventive effects of royal jelly against stress-induced impairments, royal jelly was administered via oral gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day from gestational day 0 until delivery. Offspring were subjected to a passive avoidance task using the shuttle box apparatus at the age of two months to eva‎luate memory performance. The findings demonstrated that prenatal stress impaired passive avoidance learning in the offspring, while royal jelly administration effectively prevented memory deficits induced by prenatal stress. These results suggest that the antioxidant properties of royal jelly confer neuroprotective effects against oxidative damage an‎d cognitive dysfunction resulting from gestational stress.

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