تبيين نسبت رسانه و قدرت بر اساس رهيافتي فلسفي به ماهيت رسانه

Media an‎d power , media philosophy , truthfulness , Heidegger , McLuhan , Baudrillard , Joseph Nye

The Explanation of Relation between Media an‎d Power in the Philosophical Approach to Nature of Media

فلسفه

Modern media, no doubt, must be considered as the most significant phenomenon of the present era, since it has permeated an‎d influenced all aspects of human life; from science, religion, politics, economics, an‎d culture to the most personal daily activities, in a word, the lifestyle of contemporary man. It is for this reason that philosophical reflection on the nature of this important phenomenon in todayʹs world has attracted the attention of thinkers, for the same reason we have focused on it in our study. Emphasizing that philosophical contemplation of the "nature of media" was not our sole objective in this research, an‎d given that this phenomenon is highly dependent on power, "explaining the relationship between media an‎d power" was our primary goal in addressing media. To this end, in the first step, drawing on the perspective of analyzing the nature of technology with a focus on Martin Heideggerʹs views, we studied an‎d examined the nature of media in the works of prominent media theorists such as Marshall McLuhan, Neil Postman, an‎d Jean Baudrillard. The result was the confirmation of the fundamental idea of essentialists in rejecting the neutrality of media an‎d its subordination to content, as well as emphasizing the decisive role of media in constructing reality, shaping opinions, directing human behavior, an‎d, at a higher level, transforming social an‎d even historical an‎d civilizational structures. Subsequently, we presented Foucauldian-Nyean narratives of power. Foucault was chosen because, by opening a different perspective on the concept of power, he offers an interpretation closer to the reality of how power is exercised in the contemporary world. He argues that power in the modern era, instead of being exerted on individualsʹ bodies, seeks to dominate their souls an‎d psyches to turn them into "docile an‎d obedient bodies." Joseph Nye, by proposing the theory of "soft power," introduces new components of power-building whose function is "to change the priorities an‎d behaviors of others." In the final step, based on the inherent capabilities of media, which we identified through examining the viewpoints of media scholars, we proceeded to "explain the relationship between media an‎d power." We argued that, despite the fundamental transformation in the methods of exercising power, the inherent capabilities of media have served to expan‎d an‎d amplify power by changing individualsʹ priorities, thoughts, an‎d behaviors, an‎d transforming them into docile an‎d obedient bodies.

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151945