تحليل فضايي كارآفريني گردشگري و تاثير آن بر پايداري معيشت روستاهاي منطقه اورامان استان كردستان

Spatial Analysis of Tourism Entrepreneurship an‎d Its Impact on Sustainability of Livelihoods in Uraman Village of Kurdistan Province

جغرافيا و برنامه ريزي روستايي

The basis of problem-oriented planning an‎d optimal policy making of tourism destinations in order to provide the livelihood of villagers is a correct an‎d comprehensive understan‎ding of the current situation. Based on this, the current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating an‎d analyzing the state of tourism development with an emphasis on entrepreneurship in the rural areas of Uramanat, Kurdistan province, as one of the pristine rural tourism destinations of the country. This applied research, with a descriptive-analytical method, with a systematic an‎d comprehensive view, which is necessary for studies in the field of tourism, an‎d with a quantitative-qualitative nature, collects data based on documentary studies in the theoretical part an‎d field survey in the practical part. The statistical population of the research is the households of 30 villages in Sarovabad an‎d Kamiyaran cities that have the ability an‎d potential to develop tourism; It consists of (selec‎tion by lottery) which was determined by the Cochran method an‎d the number of questionnaires assigned to each village was determined by the stratified method an‎d distributed among the heads of households ran‎domly. The research variables were eva‎luated in three general sections. In the first an‎d second part of the research as quantitative parts; The state of tourism an‎d then the state of tourism employment an‎d entrepreneurship in the study area were investigated an‎d the relationship between these two components an‎d their spatial distribution at the regional level was measured an‎d finally; The strategies used by the villagers to benefit from the benefits of tourism development an‎d the factors affecting it were identified with a qualitative method. Data analysis using inferential statistics tests (factor analysis - Pearsonʹs correlation an‎d analysis of variance) in the quantitative part showed that there is a significant difference between the studied rural areas in terms of the ability to develop rural tourism. . Villages based on natural an‎d cultural attractions have a high capability an‎d ability to develop tourism compared to villages that only rely on natural attractions; were known Among the 32 studied villages, only 7 villages centered on the villages of Oraman Takht, Palangan an‎d Bisaran were determined as villages with high potential for tourism development. Also, infrastructural weakness, especially in the field of specialized tourism infrastructure, was confirmed as the most effective factor in the development of tourism in villages with high potential for tourism development, an‎d finally; There is a significant relationship between the development of entrepreneurship an‎d the development of tourism in the studied area, an‎d in this regard, the main drivers of the attraction an‎d entry of tours to the area an‎d the provision of services related to tourism were identified. Also, the spatial situation of the distribution of the livelihood impact of tourism is clustered, which shows the creation of a spatial injustice in the distribution of tourism benefits in the region. Finally, it was found that selling an‎d renting gardens an‎d houses an‎d being a simple worker; The most important, the strategies adopted by the villagers in order to benefit from the tourism activities is that the stall is far from the axis of entrepreneurship an‎d sustainable benefit.

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