بررسي و تحليل زيبايي‌شناسي ادبي طنز در مقامات بديع الزمان همداني (مبتني بر نظريه گشتالت تجسمي - شنيداري((A.V.G)

The Study an‎d Analysis of Literary Aesthetics of Satire in Badiʿ Al-Zaman Al- Hamḏānīʹs Stories Based on the Audio-Visual Gestalt Theory an‎d Method (A.V.G Theory & Method)

زبان و ادبيات عربي

The Maghāmāt written by Badi-al- zamän Hamadānī belongs to the enduring masterpieces of literature in the genre of satire, which for centuries has been studied by rhetoricians. However, its artistic aesthetics have not been sufficiently investigated. The present dessertation seeks to address this gap by examining the text of this lasting work on the basis of the first systematic an‎d holistic theory of literary aesthetics, with the title of "Literary Gestalt (Audiovisual-Imaginative Gestalt, A.V.G.)". This theory is founded upon four pillars: the fundamentals of fine arts; the principles of association in Gestalt learning psychology; metatextual knowledge an‎d sciences; an‎d a borderless rhetoric. It also relies on twelve aesthetic principles including "similarity, proximity, contrast, symmetry, completion, continuity, overlapping an‎d interference, figure an‎d ground, common fate, common region, connected element, an‎d parallelism", as well as three laws: "motion an‎d dynamism; effect an‎d balance; an‎d Pragnanz (simplification based on the mental triangle)". Furthermore, it encompasses artistic spatial constructions such as "light-shade an‎d perspective", along with dozens of artistic an‎d psychological techniques (including: optical illusion, inversion, displacement, apostrophe, ornamental style based on the golden ratio, an‎d reading techniques of the text such as audiovisual contrast). The project is organized in four chapters: Chapter One: Research Framework; Chapter Two: Concepts (Satire, Maghāmāt, an‎d the Literary Gestalt Theory); Chapter Three: The Twelve Principles of Aesthetics in Maghāmāt al-Hamadānī; an‎d Chapter Four: Literary Aesthetics of the Maghamāt at the Textual Level Based on the Gestalt Theory, examined through the three dimensions of architecture, music, an‎d painting. The research method is descriptive-experimental. The findings reveal that all twelve principles of aesthetics an‎d numerous artistic techniques are distributed throughout the text. Yet, from a holistic perspective, three principles—continuity, contrast, an‎d figure-ground—strongly manifest in a systemic Gestalt form, creating a powerful pragnanz, an‎d consequently producing audiovisual-imaginative motion within the textual fabric, which has preserved the work’s vitality an‎d permanence across centuries. Moreover, the caricatural perspective, comic action imagery, varied repetitions of shade-light, an‎d the grotesque style constitute the aesthetic secrets of this immortal masterpiece.

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