تأثير هنر آشور بر هنر تمدن¬هاي مانا و هخامنشي

The influence of Assyrian art on the art of the Mannaean an‎d Achaemenid civilization

تاريخ

Due to its unique geographical an‎d climatic location, ancient Mesopotamia has witnessed the constant rise an‎d fall of great empires throughout history. The Assyrian Empire was one of the most magnificent an‎d enduring of these empires, transforming from a subordinate city-state into a large an‎d powerful empire that lasted for about 1,350 years. Despite their ruthlessness an‎d cruelty, the Assyrian kings left behind a civilization that is known for its unique architecture, magnificent palaces, wall reliefs, lamasery, glazed bricks, carved ivories, an‎d seals in the form of Assyrian art. Since the gigantic stone statues of winged bulls with human heads an‎d the stone slabs of Assyrian palace walls that Henry Layard found in Assyrian sites first reached Europe, the word Assyrian art has become synonymous with statues, an‎d especially reliefs. Although Assyrian art was influenced by the art of previous civilizations such as Egypt, Sumer, Babylon, Akkad, Hittites an‎d Mitanni, it in turn influenced the art of civilizations of its time such as Urartu, Manna, as well as the art of civilizations after it, such as Neo-Babylon an‎d the Achaemenid civilization. Undoubtedly, art has been one of the components of eva‎luating the excellence an‎d progress of any civilization an‎d a means of transmitting its culture to other civilizations. It seems logical that the influence an‎d impact of ancient civilizations should be studied, examined an‎d scrutinized more than the mythological, ritual, religious, artistic an‎d architectural aspects. This research aims to analyze an‎d explain the influence of the art an‎d architecture of the Assyrian civilization on the art of the Mannaean an‎d Achaemenid civilizations an‎d, implicitly, on the Urartian civilization, as well as the influence of this civilization on the Mannaean an‎d Achaemenid civilizations, an‎d to examine the aspects of the influence of the aforementioned civilizations on the Assyrian civilization in the fields of architecture, statues, reliefs, glazed bricks, pottery, an‎d metal works. The research method in this thesis was based on library studies an‎d the use of archaeological evidence.

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