تحليل تطبيقي سياست خارجي هند و پاكستان در قبال افغانستان در دوره‌ي طالبان دهه‌ي 1990 و پيامدهاي آن در ثبات و امنيت اين كشور

A Comparative Analysis of Indian’s an‎d Pakistan’s Foreign Policies toward Afghanistan during the Taliban Era of the 1990s an‎d Their Implications for the Countryʹs Stability an‎d Security

علوم سياسي

In the 1990s, with the rise of the Taliban as the dominant force in Afghanistan, the foreign policies of neighboring countries—particularly India an‎d Pakistan—underwent strategic shifts. This study addresses the core issue of examining the fundamental differences in India an‎d Pakistan’s approaches toward Afghanistan during the first Taliban regime an‎d the impact of these policies on regional stability an‎d security. The central research question is: How did India an‎d Pakistan’s foreign policies toward Taliban-led Afghanistan in the 1990s evolve, an‎d what were their consequences for Afghanistan’s stability an‎d security? The main hypothesis posits that Pakistan’s interventionist an‎d supportive policy toward the Taliban, contrasted with India’s cautious an‎d isolationist stance, contributed to increased instability in Afghanistan an‎d intensified geopolitical rivalry in the region. The theoretical framework of this study is based on Neorealism, which emphasizes that states, operating in an anarchic international system, pursue national interests an‎d security through competition an‎d power balancing. Within this framework, India an‎d Pakistan’s behavior toward Afghanistan can be interpreted as efforts to expan‎d regional influence an‎d mitigate security threats. Research findings indicate that Pakistan, aiming to establish “strategic depth” against India, provided political, financial, an‎d military support to the Taliban an‎d played an active role in shaping their regime. Conversely, India, concerned about the spread of extremism an‎d Pakistan’s growing influence, indirectly supported anti-Taliban factions an‎d maintained relations with non-Taliban governments. This rivalry exacerbated instability in Afghanistan an‎d heightened geopolitical tensions in South Asia. The research method is qualitative an‎d descriptive-analytical. Data collection tools include library resources, academic articles, historical documents, an‎d regional policy analyses.

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