تحليل پيامدهاي سياست بهداشتي دولت پهلوي بر اصناف مواد غذايي(1334ـ1357ه.ش)

During the Pahlavi period (1925–1979 CE), the rise in urban population an‎d city expansion, coupled with concerns over public health, pro‎mp‎ted the Pahlavi government to focus specifically on improving the sanitary conditions of food-related trades. This initiative served multiple purposes, the most significant of which included efforts to modernize the country an‎d project a modern image of Iran in line with the national state-building project, adherence to global health stan‎dards, mitigation of public health threats that could impact the national workforce, an‎d strengthening government oversight an‎d control over professional guilds. This study examines the health policies an‎d measures implemented by the Pahlavi state between 1955 an‎d 1979 CE in relation to food-related trades, assessing their impact on improving sanitary conditions. The central question of this research investigates the nature of health policies implemented by the Pahlavi government between 1955 an‎d 1979 regarding food-related professions, such as butcher shops, bakeries, cafés, teahouses, an‎d guesthouses. The primary aim is to analyze the health policies established during this period, which include drafting laws an‎d regulations, creating supervisory mechanisms, implementing modernization an‎d stan‎dardization measures, an‎d promoting health education an‎d awareness. Additionally, the study seeks to eva‎luate the effectiveness of these policies in improving health stan‎dards within key food-related sectors, such as butchers, bakers, cafés, teahouses, an‎d guesthouses. The methodology employed in this research follows a historical-analytical approach, focusing on the content analysis of archival documents an‎d press materials. The examined sources consist of archival records from municipal departments, ministries such as the Ministry of Health an‎d Sanitary Engineering, government laws like the Municipal Act an‎d its accompanying regulations, Pahlavi-era newspapers, inspection reports, memoirs, an‎d contemporary historical research. The findings indicate that these policies led to a relative increase in health awareness among food-related businesses, an improvement in the physical conditions of many, particularly in larger cities, an‎d the establishment of the first official supervisory institutions in this area. However, limitations such as weak policy implementation in smaller towns an‎d rural areas, resistance from certain traditional industries, a lack of specialized personnel, an‎d insufficient support were observed. Thus, it can be acknowledged that the health policies of the Pahlavi era in the food industry represented a significant step towards the modernization of public health an‎d the systematic organization of this sector. Although the implementation faced various challenges, these measures laid the groundwork for changing attitudes toward health an‎d establishing initial regulatory structures in Iran.

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