اثر پوتريسين بر پاسخ هاي رشدي و فيزيولوژيكي- بيوشيميايي گياه Hyoscyamus niger L. در شرايط كشت درون شيشه اي

The plant Hyoscyamus niger L., a member of the Solanaceae family, is of significant pharmaceutical importance due to its production of tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine an‎d scopolamine. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of putrescine on the enzymatic an‎d non-enzymatic antioxidant systems an‎d the production of valuable secondary metabolites in H. niger. To achieve this, the seeds of H. niger were cultured on ½ MS medium for germination. After seedling development, suitable explants were transferred to culture media supplemented with various concentrations of putrescine (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, an‎d 3 mM) for three weeks. The results indicated significant changes compared to the control in the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), an‎d superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as in the levels of H₂O₂ an‎d MDA. Additionally, the contents of proline, total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanins, chlorophyll a an‎d b, carotenoids, total antioxidant capacity, fresh weight, dry weight, an‎d total alkaloids were also affected by the putrescine treatments. Treatment with low to moderate concentrations of putrescine (0.25–2 mM) significantly enhanced growth parameters, improved physiological status, promoted the accumulation of phenolic compounds an‎d alkaloids, an‎d increased antioxidant enzyme activities. In contrast, a higher concentration (3 mM) resulted in a decline in these parameters. These findings suggest that putrescine induces various changes in cell structure an‎d metabolism, both directly an‎d indirectly through oxidative stress. By influencing the enzymatic an‎d non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems, putrescine triggers the biosynthetic pathways of alkaloids an‎d phenolic compounds, leading to their accumulation in H. niger plantlets. Overall, this study demonstrates that applying putrescine at optimal concentrations can effectively enhance growth an‎d secondary metabolite production in H. niger, providing a promising strategy for improving the in vitro mass production of alkaloids in this medicinal plant.

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