صبر اجتماعي مردم و تاثير آن بر حكمراني امام علي عليه السلام بر اساس نهج البلاغه

Peopleʹs social patience an‎d its impact on Imam Aliʹs rule from the perspective of Nahj al-Balaghah

علوم قرآن و حديث

One of the requirements for knowledge production in the field of Islamic sciences is the use of authentic religious texts to analyze social an‎d political issues. In this regard, Nahj al-Balagha, as a collection of Imam Aliʹs (a.s.) speeches, has a high capacity for reviewing the fundamental concepts of governance in the context of a religious society. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the concept of "social patience" in Nahj al-Balagha an‎d its functions in the field of governance. In this framework, patience is considered not only an individual virtue, but also a fundamental element in political stability an‎d social cohesion. In the eyes of Imam Ali (a.s.), patience is a condition for the survival of faith, a support for justice, an‎d a means of resistance against individual an‎d social deviations. Although the individual capabilities an‎d human virtues of the Comman‎der of the Faithful are not hidden from anyone, during the caliphate of his Imam, the Islamic society, an‎d especially Kufa as the center of his caliphate, faced deep instability due to several factors such as the closed structure Tribalism, lack of collective understan‎ding of social responsibility, weak religious insight among the public, an‎d above all, sabotage an‎d worldliness of the elites an‎d political elites. The central issue of this research is to examine the causes of impatience an‎d weakness in the perseverance of the people an‎d elites during the caliphate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) an‎d its impact on his governance; an issue that has been repeatedly mentioned in the words of his Imam with complaining an‎d warning expressions. The findings show that several factors such as worldliness of the elites, weakness in political knowledge an‎d analysis, external pressures, an‎d wavering in the religious beliefs of the people were among the important reasons for not following the Imam; Finally, they influenced the process of his governance. By examining the content of sermons, letters, an‎d some aphorisms of Nahj al-Balagha, the present study, while explaining the concept of social patience an‎d its relationship with ethics an‎d responsibility, analyzes Imam Aliʹs (a.s.) managerial responses to crises an‎d social inconsistencies an‎d his strategies for moving from a tribal structure to a monotheistic an‎d justice-oriented society. One of the important results of this study is that social patience in Alawi thought is an active strategy in the governance process an‎d an effective factor in the stability an‎d permanence of governments, an‎d Imam Aliʹs (a.s.) political failures were rooted, more than anything else, in the cultural an‎d psychological incompatibility of society with the principles of religious governance; a culture that has not yet separated from the tribal system an‎d its people, following the elites of society at critical junctures, instead of patience an‎d loyalty, took the path of welfare an‎d self-interest, confronting Aliʹs (a.s.) justice-oriented government with difficult challenges. Understan‎ding this historical experience can play an effective role in recognizing todayʹs social harms an‎d providing solutions based on Alavi teachings to strengthen national cohesion, for today an‎d the future.

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