هيدروژنه‌كردن كربن دي‌اكسيد در حضور كاتاليست هاي چارچوب هاي فلز-آلي با كمك پلاسماي تخليه سد دي‌الكتريك

Hybrid plasma–catalytic technologies, as an innovative approach for CO₂ utilization an‎d clean fuel production, hold remarkable potential for development an‎d commercialization. One of the fundamental challenges in this field is enhancing the synergistic effect between plasma an‎d catalysts, which can play a decisive role in improving process efficiency. However, while most previous studies have focused on designing catalytic compositions, the investigation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) an‎d the use of cold plasma in this area have received comparatively less attention. In this study, the CO₂ hydrogenation process under ambient temperature an‎d pressure conditions was examined using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor an‎d a series of single-metal MOF-74 catalysts (Co, Ni, Mg, Zn), bimetallic MOF-74 catalysts (Ni–Co, Co–Cu), a 4M MOF-74 structure, as well as single-metal an‎d bimetallic ZIF-67 catalysts. These catalysts were synthesized an‎d characterized using various analytical methods to investigate the synergistic effect between plasma an‎d catalytic structures in converting CO₂ to methanol. Operational parameters, including gas flow rate an‎d input voltage, were optimized to achieve the best performance. The optimal conditions were determined to be a flow rate of 60 mL/min an‎d an input voltage of 10 kV. Under these conditions, the single-metal an‎d bimetallic ZIF-67 catalysts achieved CO₂ conversions of 9.69% an‎d 3.90%, methanol selec‎tivities of 1.84% an‎d 1.98%, an‎d energy efficiencies of 2.7 an‎d 4.8 mmol/kJ, respectively. Among the MOF-74 family, Mg-MOF-74 exhibited favorable performance in CO₂ conversion an‎d methanol production, while CoNi-MOF-74, with its strong synergistic effect, abundant active sites, an‎d high stability, was identified as a promising can‎didate for industrial application. The 4M MOF-74 structure also achieved the highest methanol yield of 95% an‎d an energy efficiency of 0.5 mmol/kJ. Moreover, the specific input energy (SIE) was measured as a kinetic indicator, an‎d its linear behavior confirmed the stability of the process under operational conditions. The catalysts also demonstrated reusability for up to six consecutive cycles without significant performance loss, indicating their durability an‎d high stability. The results of this study indicate that advanced MOF-based hybrid plasma–catalytic systems can serve as an effective an‎d sustainable approach for converting CO₂ into valuable fuels such as methanol. These achievements, in addition to their scientific importance, offer substantial potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions an‎d advancing green, economically viable technologies for clean fuel production.

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