بررسي عملكرد لايه انتقال‌دهنده الكترون WO3-SnO2 در سلول خورشيدي پروسكايت مبتني بر كربن

Renewable energies are recognized as clean an‎d sustainable solutions to address the global energy crisis an‎d climate change, playing a vital role in meeting the world’s future energy deman‎ds. Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) represent an emerging technology in the field of solar energy due to their low fabrication cost, high stability, an‎d lightweight nature. However, these devices still face critical challenges such as lower efficiency compared to gold-electrode perovskite solar cells, which hinders their large-scale industrial application. In this study, to improve the performance an‎d stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells, the electron transport layer (ETL) based on tin oxide (SnO₂) was structurally modified through the incorporation of tungsten trioxide (WO₃). To investigate the effect of WO₃ addition an‎d analyze the physical, structural, an‎d optical properties of the layers, a comprehensive set of characterization techniques—including Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Photoluminescence (PL), UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), an‎d X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was employed. The results indicated that WO₃ incorporation effectively reduced oxygen vacancies an‎d surface traps, improved surface uniformity, enhanced electron conductivity, an‎d optimized energy-level alignment with the perovskite absorber layer. Electrical characterization further revealed that cells fabricated with the SnO₂–WO₃ composite layer exhibited remarkable improvements in key photovoltaic parameters compared to the pristine SnO₂-based devices. Specifically, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) increased from 1.07 V to 1.10 V, the short-circuit current density (Jsc) from 22.02 mA/cm² to 22.24 mA/cm², the fill factor (FF) from 0.67 to 0.72, an‎d the power conversion efficiency (η) from 16.11% to 18.01%. Furthermore, the presence of WO₃enhanced the chemical robustness an‎d environmental stability of the cells. Therefore, engineering the electron transport layer with tungsten trioxide can be considered an effective strategy for developing a new generation of carbon-based perovskite solar cells with higher efficiency, improved durability, an‎d reduced fabrication cost.

3

نيلوفر افضلي

148093