چكيده فارسي
Tunnel excavation, as one of the fundamental and infrastructural activities in civil engineering, exerts significant impacts on the hydrogeological systems of surrounding areas. These impacts are particularly pronounced in regions underlain by hard and semi-hard formations, where groundwater resources hold critical importance. One of the primary consequences of tunnel construction is the observable changes in spring discharge, which play a key role in maintaining the stability and quality of water resources. Reductions in the quantity and quality of spring outflow not only weaken water resources but can also disrupt environmental balance and dependent ecosystems. Therefore, precise analysis of these changes is of paramount importance.
Despite the significance of this issue, there is a noticeable gap in the literature regarding a comprehensive hydrogeological approach capable of quantitatively modeling the relationship between key parameters, including permeability, tunnel depth, initial spring discharge, aquifer recharge, and other geological and hydrogeological characteristics. Existing models are generally limited to local conditions or rely on complex and time consuming numerical simulations, restricting their applicability during the early stages of design.
The objective of this study is to propose a novel analytical formula grounded in the physical principles of groundwater flow, capable of quantitatively predicting changes in spring discharge following tunnel excavation. The formula emphasizes key hydrogeological and geological parameters, particularly aquifer recharge, thereby enhancing accuracy and practical applicability in risk assessment. The primary innovation of this formula lies in incorporating the aquifer recharge parameter alongside other critical variables, improving predictive accuracy and reinforcing its usability. The formula has been applied to several selected springs, and the results demonstrate its considerable precision in forecasting spring discharge variations.
The proposed model, in addition to its computational simplicity, offers applicability during the early stages of projects and under data-limited conditions. It serves as a practical tool in civil engineering and tunneling projects, especially where field data are scarce. Moreover, its straightforward calculations enable extensive use in preliminary research and project design stages.
Implementation of this approach can contribute to improved water resource management, reduced environmental risks, and provide a foundation for the development of advanced analytical methods in future studies.
