چكيده لاتين
Nowadays, microorganisms and their derivatives—especially biopolymers—play a key role in the development of bioactive materials for emerging applications in medicine and the food industry, due to their unique features such as biocompatibility and renewability. Bacterial cellulose (BC), owing to its high purity, non-toxicity, and lack of need for complex purification procedures, is a suitable candidate for various biomedical applications. However, its inherent lack of biological activity, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, has limited its potential. Poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), a bacterial polymer with antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties, is one of the promising bioactive compounds that can impart desirable biological characteristics to the cellulose matrix. The aim of this study was to fabricate and evaluate the biological properties of a novel composite composed of bacterial cellulose, poly-L-lysine, and bioglass. To this end, BC was first synthesized using Komagataeibacter xylinus. ε-PL was then produced by Streptomyces albulus and purified using tetraphenylborate salt. Bioglass was synthesized using the Stöber method. The prepared cellulose (1 cm²) was first immersed in 0.15% bioglass solution for 24 hours, and subsequently in a poly-L-lysine solution (15 mg/mL) for an additional 24 hours. The final BC/bioglass/ε-PL composite was synthesized through a stepwise dip-coating method. Characterization was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Biological properties were evaluated through turbidimetric assay for antimicrobial activity, DPPH for antioxidant activity, MTT assay for cytotoxicity, and flow cytometry for anticancer effects. SEM and FTIR analyses confirmed successful composite formation. SEM images revealed spherical bioglass particles (<1 nm) and fine cellulose fibrils. Furthermore, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of silicon and calcium elements associated with bioglass in the composite. Biological evaluations showed promising results, with up to 74.98% anticancer activity against MG-63 cells after 24 hours, up to 93% antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, and approximately 88% inhibition of free radicals. However, in the 14-day SBF test, the composite did not exhibit significant bioactivity in terms of hydroxyapatite formation. Given the innovative approach of combining three bioactive components simultaneously, the results offer a promising initial step toward the development of multifunctional biomedical materials derived from microbial products, which—following minor modifications and complementary analyses—could evolve into an optimized and versatile therapeutic platform.
