ساخت و مشخصه يابي داربست هاي كامپوزيتي نانوذرات كلسيم فسفات دوفازي حاوي يون‌هاي Sr، Mg و Si / پلي كاپرولاكتون با پوشش ZIF-8 به¬روش چاپ سه¬بعدي براي كاربردهاي مهندسي بافت استخوان

Synthesis an‎d characterization of Biphasic calcium Phosphate Doped whit Sr,Mg,Si/ Polycaprolactone composite scaffolds with ZIF8 coating by 3D printing method for bone tissue engineering

زيست فناوري

Abstract Bone defect repair an‎d regeneration pose significant clinical challenges. Currently, autologous an‎d allogeneic bone grafts face numerous obstacles. The use of 3D printed porous scaffolds for bone replacement is one of the most advanced approaches in bone tissue engineering, contributing to tissue regeneration. In this study, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramics doped with strontium, magnesium, an‎d silicon ions, along with polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer, were used for 3D printing scaffolds. XRF results confirmed the presence of the doped ions in the synthesized powder. Additionally, XRD results indicated that the BCP nanoparticles were properly synthesized. SEM images revealed that the BCP nanoparticles were in the nanometer range. Scaffolds containing 35%, 40%, an‎d 45% BCP an‎d PCL were fabricated. Mechanical testing was performed on all three scaffolds, an‎d the compressive strength, compressive modulus, an‎d yield strength values indicated that the scaffold containing 40% BCP exhibited the optimal properties. Biodegradability an‎d bioactivity of the optimized scaffolds were eva‎luated by immersing samples in PBS an‎d SBF solutions, showing excellent bioactivity an‎d biodegradability. SEM, XRD, an‎d Alizarin Red results further confirmed the formation of apatite on the scaffold surface. The synthesis of ZIF-8 nanoparticles on the optimized scaffolds was carried out, an‎d the formation of this layer was confirmed by SEM an‎d EDS analysis, which detected the presence of O, N, C, an‎d Zn elements. The presence of calcium an‎d phosphate elements, related to the BCP nanoparticles, was also verified through EDS testing. Additionally, MTT assays an‎d DAPI/Phalloidin cell staining were performed to assess the viability, adhesion, proliferation, an‎d attachment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) on the scaffolds with an‎d without ZIF-8. These results demonstrated a significant increase in cell adhesion, growth, an‎d proliferation on the ZIF-8-containing scaffolds compared to those without ZIF-8. Therefore, ZIF-8-containing scaffolds are proposed as promising can‎didates for bone tissue engineering applications.

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