سنتز هيدروژل برپايه نشاسته اصلاح شده به منظور جذب فلزات سنگين از پسآب

The increasing contamination of water resources with heavy metals such as nickel (Ni²⁺) an‎d thallium (Tl⁺), resulting from industrial activities, poses a serious threat to the environment an‎d human health. In this study, a composite hydrogel based on phosphorylated starch (SSP), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), an‎d polyacrylamide (AM) was synthesized using sodium phytate as a reinforcing agent an‎d NMBA as a crosslinker. The primary aim of this research was to develop an efficient, biodegradable, an‎d low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. The synthesized hydrogel was characterized using various techniques, including FTIR, TGA, SEM, BET, ICP, an‎d EDS. The results demonstrated that surface modification of starch with phosphate groups an‎d the presence of sodium phytate significantly enhanced the thermal stability an‎d adsorption capacity of the hydrogel for heavy metal removal. Investigation of the adsorption parameters revealed that the optimum conditions for nickel adsorption were at pH = 5 an‎d 60 minutes, while for thallium they were at pH = 6 an‎d 30 minutes. Furthermore, kinetic an‎d isotherm studies indicated that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model an‎d Langmuir isotherm, suggesting chemisorption an‎d accessibility of all binding sites across the hydrogel surface. The adsorption capacities of the hydrogel for nickel an‎d thallium were measured at 590 mg/g an‎d 446 mg/g, respectively, which outperformed similar adsorbents. After three adsorption–desorption cycles, the hydrogel retained more than 85% of its initial efficiency, highlighting its reusability an‎d cost-effectiveness. Due to its unique features such as biocompatibility, low cost, an‎d high performance, this hydrogel can be considered a promising can‎didate for industrial applications in the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater.

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