چكيده لاتين
Abstract
Objectives: Overweight and obesity can be a factor in the occurrence of many common diseases and cause disruption in the secretion and function of myokines and also increase insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a course of resistance training with EMS on the expression of myonectin, fibroblast growth factor 21, irisin and insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin levels in overweight men.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The sample of the present study consisted of 45 overweight men with a mean body mass index of 28.9±2.09 (kg/m2) and a mean age of 41.73±5.08 (years) based on the inclusion criteria.The subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups: EMS training (n=15), resistance training (n=15), and control (n=15). The training course was conducted for 12 weeks and 3 sessions per week, each session lasting 40 minutes. The resistance group performed exercises at an intensity of 50 to 85% of one repetition maximum, and the EMS group performed exercises at an intensity of 70 to 85% (85 Hz, 350 μs, pulse duration of 4 seconds, 2 seconds rest). In each exercise session, each group performed the exercise movements in three sets with 12 to 15 repetitions per set. Fasting blood samples were taken from the subjects 48 hours before the first exercise session and 48 hours after the last exercise session to measure the levels of myonectin, irisin, FGF21, IGF-1, and insulin. Plasma IGF-1 and insulin were measured by ELISA, and myonectin, irisin, and FGF21 gene expression was measured by Real Time PCR. Insulin resistance was also calculated based on the HOMA-IR formula. Body composition and anthropometric variables were measured using a body composition device, model 356-X. Contact was measured. After implementing the necessary assumptions, statistical analysis was performed through one-way variance test with Tukeyʹs post hoc test and covariance with Bonferroni post hoc test and paired t-test with SPSS version 24 software at a significance level of less than 0.05.
Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the mean gene expression of myonectin (P=0.001), irisin (0.001), IGF-1 (P=0.001), FGF21 (P=0.003) and insulin, glucose and insulin resistance (P=0.001) in the control, resistance training and EMS groups. The changes in myonectin, irisin, IGF-1 and FGF21 were increasing and insulin, glucose and insulin resistance were decreasing.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained, in both groups, an increase in myonectin levels, Irisin, FGF21, IGF-1 and improved insulin resistance levels and body composition in overweight men were observed. Overall, given the positive results of EMS, it seems likely that this new training style can be used alongside other training methods in exercise programs.
Keywords: Resistance training, EMS, Myonectin, Irisin, Fibroblast growth factor 21, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Insulin
