تاثير تركيب تصويرسازي‌حركتي و مشاهده‌عمل بر خودكارآمدي و يادگيري پرتاب آزاد بسكتبال در كودكان

The Effect Combining Action Observation an‎d Motor Imagery on Self-Efficacy an‎d Learning Basketball Free Throws in Children

رفتار حركتي و مديريت ورزش

The purpose of present study was to determine the effect of feedforward self-modeling in combining action observation an‎d motor imagery (AOMI) on self-efficacy an‎d learning of basketball free throws in children. 210 male students were assessed using the Childrenʹs Motor Imagery Questionnaire an‎d 72 subjects with a mean age of 11.63 ± 1.12 years were selec‎ted through convenience sampling based on the scores of the Childrenʹs Motor Imagery Questionnaire. Then, they were ran‎domly divided into six groups: feedforward self-modeling with simultaneous action observation an‎d motor imagery combination group, feedforward self-modeling with alternative action observation an‎d motor imagery group, non-feedforward self-modeling with simultaneous action observation an‎d motor imagery combination group, non- feedforward self-modeling with alternative action observation an‎d motor imagery combination group, skilled model with simultaneous action observation an‎d motor imagery combination group, an‎d skilled model with alternative action observation an‎d motor imagery combination group. In the pretest phase, participants completed a self-efficacy questionnaire. Then, a qualified coach taught basketball free throws to them. Participants then performed two blocks of ten free throws an‎d their throws were scored. The video footage from the pre-test practice trials were used to create feedforward self modeling videos an‎d self modeling videos. In the acquisition phase, participants practiced three sessions of 40 attempts per week for six weeks. In the feedforward self-modeling groups, participants watched their own edited video, in the non-feedforward self-modeling groups, participants watched their own real video, an‎d in the skilled model groups, they watched the video of the skilled personʹs video an‎d performed simultaneous an‎d alternating imagery using the PETTLEP method. After acquisition phase, a post-test was administered an‎d one week later, the retention an‎d transfer test were administered. The mixed analysis of variance method was used to analyze the results. The research findings showed that the mean basketball free throw scores of the feedforward self modeling an‎d skilled model groups were significantly (P=0.001) higher than scores of the non-feedforward groups, an‎d the mean score of the feedforward self modeling with simultaneous imagery an‎d action observation was significantly (P=0.01) higher than mean score of the skilled model with simultaneous observation an‎d imagery group. The mean self-efficacy scores of the feedforward self modeling an‎d skilled model groups were significantly (P= 0.001) higher than mean scores of the non- feedforward groups. The use of feedforward self-modeling with action observation an‎d motor imagery combination helps to improve self-efficacy an‎d motor performance through positive modeling.

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