تبيين و تحليل بوم شناختي جريان هاي غالي شيعه (عراق، قم، خراسان) تا قرن چهارم ه. ق

Explanation an‎d Ecological Analysis of Shiite Ghali Currents (Iraq, Qom, Khorasan) Until the 4th Century AH

تاريخ

Ghali currents in the history of Islam, an‎d especially Shiism, are considered one of the most important intellectual an‎d religious phenomena that have had a great impact on the formation of deviant beliefs an‎d teachings. Ghali ideas, with extremist tendencies an‎d some ideological deviations, gradually grew in Islamic society an‎d entered regions such as Iraq, Qom, an‎d Khorasan, an‎d by creating sects an‎d currents, they added many problems to the Shiite society of these regions. Due to political, social, an‎d cultural differences in the three mentioned regions, these Ghali currents had different characteristics, beliefs, an‎d functions, an‎d in addition to influencing religious ideas, they were also closely related to the political an‎d social conditions of that era. In this dissertation, an attempt has been made to examine the grounds for the emergence an‎d spread of these currents in these three regions. Among the factors that have been influential in this process are Hadithism an‎d Akhbarism, the use of financial resources in Shiism such as khums an‎d zakat, gifts an‎d vows, political pressures on the Imams an‎d their companions, as well as the presence of Mawli, Ghanusi, Hindi, an‎d Shamanic ideas. In addition, the study of political an‎d social pressures in Iraq an‎d Khorasan an‎d the cultural an‎d religious relations of those regions with non-Islamic ideas have also paved the way for the emergence of Ghali movements. The research method in this study is a library an‎d descriptive-analytical one in which various historical sources, religious texts, an‎d contemporary research have been examined in order to arrive at a comprehensive an‎d accurate analysis of the process of formation an‎d expansion of Ghali movements in this historical period. The findings of the research show that the Ghali movements, especially in Iraq, Qom, an‎d Khorasan, expan‎ded rapidly in response to the specific social an‎d political conditions of that era, an‎d under the influence of the pressures of the Umayyad an‎d Abbasid governments, an‎d as a result, they had a profound impact on the religious an‎d cultural interpretation of each Ghali movement, such that the Ghali movements of Iraq differed greatly from those of Qom an‎d Khorasan in their beliefs an‎d practices. This research, relying on reliable sources an‎d a careful analysis of historical texts, examines the causes an‎d factors that led to the emergence of these movements in the aforementioned period an‎d sheds light on their impact on the history of Shiism.

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