چكيده لاتين
Development policymaking in Iran began after the end of World War II and under the influence of global waves of attention to development planning. After the Allies left Iran, in 1948, the countryʹs first economic and social development and development plan was formulated and implemented. Until the Islamic Revolution in 1978, five development and development plans were implemented. After the Islamic Revolution, development policymaking did not receive much attention for several years, and the outbreak of the imposed war played a major role in this issue. With the end of the war in 1989, the first development plan after the Islamic Revolution was formulated and implemented. Since this year, six development plans have been formulated and implemented. The Seventh Development Plan has recently been formulated and is being implemented. Despite this, development indicators in Iran indicate underdevelopment in many dimensions and areas. Many factors have played a role in this regard, but it seems that development policymaking has a more prominent role. The present study sought to understand what issues and challenges development policymaking in Iran has and what factors have caused its inefficiency. While examining this issue, strategies have been presented to make development policymaking more efficient. To achieve these goals, the grounded theory research method (systematic approach) was used. The research participants included 22 experts and university professors, managers, and former development policymakers at macro and mid-levels. Purposive sampling (with a homogeneous sampling approach) was used to select these individuals. The data collection method was semi-structured interviews. The three-stage systematic grounded theory coding approach (open coding, axial coding, and selective coding) was used to analyze the data. The research findings indicated that discursive conflicts, anti-scenario futurism, lack of goal and priority delineation, radical economic orientation, command centralism, inappropriate timing, inappropriate combination of program developers, budgetization of the program, and program realism and aspiration are causal conditions affecting development policy-making in Iran. The background conditions affecting development policy-making in Iran include: economic-political instability, weak civil society and large mass society, elite inefficiency, weak institutional system and governance, and inefficient bureaucracy. Also, the conditions and factors interfering in development policy-making in Iran include anti-development understanding, lack of theoretical and concrete knowledge of development, ideological-security interference, historical ignorance, weak but interventionist government, and lack of dialogue thinking. Development experts and practitioners have proposed strategies to make development policymaking more efficient in Iran, including: economic-political stability, structural changes, downsizing the government and fattening civil society, strengthening social capital, institutional-organizational restructuring, discursive consensus building, strategic foresight, development knowledge production, consensus among policymaking elites, and the few and modernization of development plans. If the proposed strategies are realized, we will witness greater success and better efficiency of development policymaking. In this situation, the consequences include: improving the quality of life, social development, psychological-personal development, strengthening environmental livability, political development, and economic development. The second situation is a situation where, for whatever reason, the proposed strategies are not realized and
