چكيده لاتين
This article, as a master thesis, is a comparative study of the relationship between reason and religion, from the point of view of the renowned and famous German philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) and a famous thinker and scholar of Iranian-Islamic culture Ṣadr ad-Din Muḥammad Shirazi (ca. 1571–1636), more commonly known as Mullah Ṣadra.
Mullah Sadra, as an outstanding student of Mashaʹs philosophy and the worthy heir of the wisdom of illumination and as a complete mystic and devotee that well-acquainted with the secrets of theoretical and practical mysticism, and as the establisher of the transcendent theosophy (hikmat motaaliyeh), to extirpate the alleged conflict and repulsion between reason and religion, has tried very much.
For Mullah Sadra, as the founder and originator of the originality of existence (esalt vojud), both of religion and philosophy are two aspect of one fact, in such a way that the philosophy devoid of religion is confused and palsied and religion without reason and wisdom is deaf and blind, full of bigotry, filth and dirty of cruelty and shame.
Nevertheless, accordance of reason and religion, in the transcendent theosophy, ended to Enlightened intellect (al aql al munawar)
Hegel, arising from the heart of the new philosophy and as the heir of the Renaissance and the age of Enlightenment, to explain the meaning of religion has made extensive efforts and after several steps, he has reached his point of view in this position that religion, between art and philosophy, is an essential moment in the life of the absolute soul and its evolution, progress and improvement.
Nevertheless, Hegel blamed and criticized the figurative and metaphorical language of religion and considered it unable and incapable to express the truth. In the final view of Hegel’s philosophy, the original and clear manifestation of the absolute spirit and indisputable knowledge, coming only through the way of the philosophy and no more.
