برسي تطبيقي مسئله عليت از ديدگاه غزالي و لايب نيتس

A Comparativ Study on the Question of causality from view Point of Ghazali an‎d Leibniz

فلسفه و كلام اسلامي

The problem of causality is the most basic principle of any thought, which is not agreed among philosophers an‎d theologians on the interpretation of this problem an‎d its types. Now, in the meantime, it is desired to compare the views of Ghazali, the Ashʹari theologian from the East, an‎d Leibniz, the rationalist philosopher from the West, regarding the issue of causality an‎d its types. The present research is a comparative descriptive an‎d analytical study, with the aim of gaining a better understan‎ding of this issue in the light of comparing the two mentioned thinkers. The results obtained from this research are: Ghazali only spoke about the connection between cause an‎d effect in relation to causation, an‎d instead of the element of causal an‎d effectual necessity, philosophers put forward the element of conditionality, an‎d Leibniz also proposed causation in the form of principle. Sufficient direction, which is one of the principles of his philosophy. Among the four Aristotelian causes, Ghazali has called the active an‎d final causes as causes, an‎d since he believes in the absolute activity of God in the entire universe, he has given superiority to the active cause, in contrast to Leibniz, he also has a similar view on this issue, but he He has given superiority to the ultimate cause an‎d considers the active cause to be the natural cause. In order to be able to show the existence of God as the first cause in their works, both thinkers negated the relationship between cause an‎d effect in the material world, an‎d in order to be able to have an answer to the doubts created by the negation of causality, Ghazali theorized Kesbah an‎d Leibniz have presented the principle of prior coordination of the foundation.

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