تأثير هژموني دلار بر موقعيت سياسي-اقتصادي آمريكا و چالش ارزهاي جايگزين در اقتصاد سياسي بين‌الملل

The Impact of Dollar Hegemony on the US Politico-Economic Situation an‎d the Challenge of Alternative Currencies in the International Political Economy

علوم سياسي

One of the pillars of the hegemony of the United States of America is the dollarʹs centrality in the international monetary regime, which has consolidated the global position of the United States by playing the role of the dominant currency in international transactions. With the help of the dollar, the country, in addition to free riding in the global economy an‎d reducing its huge trade imbalances, uses it as an economic weapon against its adversaries. After the collapse of Bretton Woods an‎d the general decline of the American economy, an‎d specifically after the introduction of the euro an‎d the rise of China, the country has faced challenges from currency rivals, an‎d speculation has arisen about the weakening of the dollarʹs position an‎d the strengthening of US currency rivals, as well as the emergence of a multipolar currency system. Accordingly, a correct understan‎ding of the dollarʹs global role requires an assessment of the monetary capacities an‎d capabilities, as well as the currency influence of the United States of America on potential currency rivals. The present study was conducted with two aligned goals: first, to examine the impact of dollar hegemony on the political-economic position of the United States an‎d second, to examine the challenge of alternative currencies in the international political economy. This thesis raises the question of what impact does dollar hegemony have on the political-economic position of this country? In the form of a hypothesis, it believes that although the dollar compensates for the US budget deficit in the economic sphere an‎d transfers its debts abroad, it also acts as a public good in the political sphere an‎d, by giving the US a stabilizing an‎d guaranteeing role in the international order, it has helped to consolidate an‎d continue its hegemony. The findings of this study show that the strong performance an‎d continued superiority of the dollar as an international currency will be strongly related to the continuation of the existing international system an‎d the US guaranteeing its stability. Therefore, in the short term, it would not be an exaggeration to talk about the continuation of the dollarʹs supremacy an‎d hegemony an‎d its important role in international exchanges, but in the long term, the continuation of the dollarʹs supremacy will face many difficulties an‎d we must wait for an international multi-currency system without the dominance of a single currency; during which the dollar will be merely a currency among other international currencies. In better words, it can be said that what affects the architecture an‎d future of the monetary system more than the weakness of the dollar is the growth of the yuanʹs position in the global economic order; a slow but continuous growth. This thesis used library an‎d document methods in data collection an‎d obtained economic data an‎d related statistics from reliable internet sources an‎d databases. Also, in data analysis, an attempt has been made to describe the existing trend using the causal analysis method, extracting related reasons, an‎d to express the path forward, the trend analysis method has been used.

6