چكيده لاتين
The present study aims to examine the effects of the 2022 World Cup on Qatar, covering political, economic, social, and cultural dimensions. This qualitative-quantitative, descriptive-survey research employed field methods. Effects were identified through library research, analysis of reputable scientific articles, examination of theoretical frameworks, and discussions with prominent professors. The studyʹs population consisted of experts in sports venues and events, tourism, sports tourism, sociology, and political and economic sciences, and included interviews with ten specialists. A snowball sampling approach was utilized to select participants. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was distributed to 270 students, sports management professors, and sports enthusiasts. The data was organized into four components—political, economic, social, and cultural impacts—with 46 indicators. The Delphi technique was subsequently applied to achieve consensus on these components and indicators, leading to the final approval of the research questionnaire. This study confirmed the content and face validity of a questionnaire developed by leading professors. To assess its reliability, the questionnaire was administered to a small sample of 25 individuals, yielding a Cronbachʹs alpha coefficient of 0.87, indicating good reliability. Following the identification of the components of the 2022 World Cup in Qatar and the validation of the questionnaire, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the data. The Friedman test was then employed to rank these indicators, with data analysis performed using SPSS software. The analysis revealed that the political effects of the event ranked racism due to hosting by an Islamic country, branding of Qatar, and awareness and political thought as the top three factors, respectively. For economic effects, the ranking was led by the economies of neighboring countries, followed by investment, and the designation of the World Cup as the most expensive ever, with technology and large investments following closely. In terms of social effects, social awareness about the event, public perception of Qatar, and social enthusiasm were the top three. Lastly, the cultural effects highlighted increased behavioral abuse and exploitation of foreign workers, the use of local attire to showcase customs, and the application of Islamic laws during the event to emphasize Islamic culture as the leading factors.
