چكيده لاتين
In contemporary times, Afghanistan has faced numerous challenges in establishing a desirable political system. Given the countryʹs complex social and cultural fabric and external influences, a deep understanding of the factors affecting the establishment of a desirable political system seems necessary. This research focuses on identifying and analyzing the social and cultural contexts that can create a suitable environment for stabilizing an effective and stable political system in Afghanistan. The main question of this research is: "What social and cultural contexts can contribute to the establishment of a desirable political system in Afghanistan?" To address this issue, the theoretical framework of the research is based on theories related to political and cultural sociology, which explain the relationships between cultural and social elements and political structures. This theoretical framework allows the research to identify and analyze the various cultural and social dimensions that affect the political system. This study, aiming to explore the socio-cultural contexts for establishing a desirable political system in Afghanistan, was conducted using a grounded theory method with a systematic approach. After conducting semi-structured interviews with 21 Afghan elites, 233 concepts and 32 categories were extracted. The findings, based on the paradigmatic model, indicate that political system challenges, system alienation, violence and terrorism, and social divides are among the causal factors. The lack of good governance, lack of unity, social contexts, and geographical factors are contextual factors. Ethnic challenges, unity deterrents, the impossibility of division, external factors, and the void in the judicial system are among the intervening factors in establishing a desirable political system. The lack of justice, a proper definition of national identity, nation-building, diversity management, providing a suitable model for nation-building, local governance, rejection of federalism, a decentralized system, a parliamentary system, and proposed systems are among the strategies, which lead to outcomes such as democratic coexistence, a people-centered system, and solidarity. This research introduces the parliamentary system as the desirable political system for Afghanistan, suggesting that a parliamentary system can serve as a suitable foundation for creating political stability in Afghanistan
