سنتز ابرجاذب زيست تخريب پذير با قابليت كاربرد در كشاورزي

This project consists of three parts. In the first part, two monomers with ionic pair structures, 4-((6-aminoalkyl)amino)-4-oxo-2-butenoate and 4-((3-aminoalkyl)amino)-4-oxo-2-butenoate, were synthesized. Using these synthesized monomers, two different superabsorbents, HEC-g-p(AA-co-AHOB) and HEC-g-p(AA-co-APOB), were prepared. Initially, the effects of various factors—such as the amounts of initiator, cross-linker, hydroxyethyl cellulose, AHOB monomer, neutralization of acrylic acid, and reaction time—on the water absorption capacity of the superabsorbent HEC-g-p(AA-co-AHOB) were investigated. Next, the influence of the monomerʹs structure and chain length on the superabsorbentʹs water absorption was studied. Subsequently, experiments regarding the kinetics of water absorption, swelling in various salts, water absorption at different pH levels, water retention at varying temperatures, and biodegradability in soil for the superabsorbent HEC-g-p(AA-co-AHOB) were conducted. Finally, the performance of the superabsorbent HEC-g-p(AA-co-APOB) in agriculture was eva‎luated through tests on water retention in soil and the cultivation of chickpea plants. From the synthesized samples, rheological analyses, DTGA, TGA, CHNS, FT-IR, and SEM were performed. In the second part, the ligand ethylenediamine-N, N’-disuccinic acid (EDDS) was synthesized using maleic anhydride and ethylenediamine, and its structure was confirmed through NMR and FT-IR analyses. In the subsequent phase, this synthesized ligand was chelated with iron, and the iron chelate was validated through FT-IR analyses. Furthermore, the optimized superabsorbents (HEC-g-p(AA-co-AHOB) and HEC-g-p(AA-co-APOB)) were enriched with essential plant nutrients (urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and chelated iron micronutrients), and their release in soil was examined. In the third part, a slow-release fertilizer cellulose-g-p(AA-co-AHOB)/urea (CSRF) was prepared. Rheological, DTGA, TGA, FT-IR, SEM, and EDAX analyses were conducted on the synthesized sample. Subsequently, the kinetics of water absorption, swelling in various salts, water absorption at different pH levels, water retention at different temperatures and in soil, soil pH adjustment, urea leaching, biodegradability in soil, and wheat cultivation for the CSRF were investigated.

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