چكيده لاتين
Economic growth is one of the most important practical concepts of economics, and its measurement in different countries can be considered as one of the important determining factors in measuring the development index of countries. In the literature of economic growth and development, the concept of sustainable growth is always mentioned. In other words, economic growth can only be sustained if it is inclusive. Inclusive growth is a process of economic growth that is accompanied by a fair distribution of its resources and the full participation of the population. In other words, it is economic growth that provides an equal opportunity for all members of the society to participate in the growth process.
One of the most important macroeconomic goals of countries is to create suitable conditions to promote inclusive and stable economic growth, and the economic complexity index plays an effective role in achieving this goal. Economic complexity is proposed as a relatively new concept that shows the ability of countries to produce diverse and complex products and collect and apply scattered knowledge in the production process. Economic complexity acts as an important factor in influencing the wealth of nations and it can be said that the difference in the level of economic complexity can lead to differences in the economic growth rate of countries. Along with commercial variables, political and social factors are other factors that can affect the overall growth of countries. Based on this, the current research, inspired by past experimental studies and based on the model used in the study of Viktor Stojkowski, Philip Koch and Hidalgo (2023), using generalized moment methods and completely modified least squares to investigate the impact of business variables , foreign direct investment flow, exchange rate index, human capital and economic political variables such as globalization, administrative corruption and good governance are related to the inclusive growth of Iran and selected member countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization with different income levels during the period of 2000-2022.
The findings of the study indicate that the Economic Complexity Index has a positive and significant impact on inclusive growth. Countries with higher economic complexity indices have not only been more successful in achieving sustainable economic growth but also have performed better in reducing income inequality and increasing job opportunities. In contrast, the Globalization Index has a negative and significant impact on inclusive growth, suggesting that an increase in globalization leads to reduced equitable access to resources and an increase in income inequality. Additionally, the Corruption Perception Index also has a negative and significant impact on inclusive growth, as corruption leads to reduced economic productivity and exacerbates the unequal distribution of opportunities and resources. Regarding the Human Development Index, the results show that in the long run, this index has a negative impact on inclusive growth, even in the presence of progress in education and healthcare. Moreover, the Foreign Direct Investment variable has a positive and significant impact on inclusive growth in the short term, but in the long term, without appropriate supportive policies, its effects may become limited or negative. The Exchange Rate Index also has a positive impact on inclusive growth in the long run, particularly through its influence on exports, foreign investment attraction, and enhancing the competitiveness of goods and services, although its effects in the short term may be less apparent. Finally, the Good Governance Index has a positive and significant impact on inclusive growth in the short term, but in the long run, it requires structural changes and more time to achieve more tangible results.
