بررسي و ارزيابي تطبيقي نظام¬هاي رياستي و پارلماني در جمهوري اسلامي ايران بر اساس مدل تحليلي SWOT

A comparative study and eva‎luation of presidential and parliamentary systems in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the SWOT analysis.

علوم سياسي

After the Iranian Islamic Revolution in 1979, like all political revolutions, in the first step, the leaders of the revolution sought to establish a system based on the beliefs, values, identity and culture prevailing in the Iranian society. What was clearly evident in the thought system of the leaders and the Revolutionary Council, they wanted to create a political structure based on political Islam that can meet all material and spiritual needs and in other words, have the necessary usefulness. Although there was a consensus among the leaders in the spirit and nature of the political system, there was no consensus in the form and structure, in other words, the relationship between the powers, but in the end, the parliamentary structure was recognized as a desirable political structure. With the emergence of numerous challenges between the three forces and even within the three forces, the change of the political structure was considered. By revising the constitution, the quasi-presidential political structure was recognized as the appropriate structure. Therefore, in this research with the subject (Review and Comparative eva‎luation of Presidential and Parliamentary Systems in the Islamic Republic of Iran), an attempt has been made to examine and study the two political structures experienced in Iran in the two time periods of 1979 to 1989 and 1989 until now. Which with tolerance is referred to as parliamentary and presidential respectively, should be eva‎luated in a comparative way Therefore, the author has analyzed and eva‎luated the two mentioned structures in terms of usefulness. In fact, the preference of one type of political structure over other types is based on the efficiency and advantages of that political structure, and on the other hand, the desired structure does not have the weaknesses and inadequacies of other structures. Therefore, the comparative method can be a suitable method for this purpose. In this regard, the SWOT analytical model has been used, in which the influence of internal and external factors on the efficiency of a system or structure and, as a result, the appropriate decision according to strengths and weaknesses, as well as environmental factors such as opportunities and threats. Are taken into consideration. Therefore, the research method in this research will be a combined and integrated method of comparative method with the axes of comparison of good governance components and SWOT analytical model which takes into consideration the internal and environmental factors affecting the performance of political structures. In this research, in order to compare the two mentioned structures, the author used the variables and indicators of good governance, including accountability, responsibility, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, political participation and political stability. As a result, in the political structure after the revision of the constitution, transparency and control of corruption, accountability and efficiency of the political structure have increased, but in the same period of time, the components of political participation, social cohesion, political stability and justice have decreased. Therefore, from the authorʹs point of view, increasing the desirability of the political structure and creating the components of good governance do not necessarily go through the path of changing the shape of the political system to parliamentary, presidential or any other political structure. Finally, an attempt has been made to present suggestions based on the Sweet analytical model and utilizing the strengths of the political system as well as the opportunities available in the social system to overcome the weaknesses of the political system and threats to the social system, focusing on the desirability of the political system.

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