چكيده لاتين
Ancient Iran, as one of the worldʹs most significant civilizations, has consistently engaged in extensive interactions with its neighboring regions. Its strategic geographic location has positioned Iran as a pivotal nexus between the East and West. From the pre-Achaemenid era until the end of the Sassanian period, these cultural and civilizational exchanges persisted, culminating in the Sassanian era. The remnants of various civilizations attest to this mutual influence, with the presence of Iranian cultural elements clearly discernible.Archaeological evidence suggests that connections between Iran and China date back at least to the Achaemenid period. These interactions, often facilitated by intermediaries such as the Sogdians and Scythians, are undeniably substantiated by the existence of Achaemenid-inspired artifacts in China. While some scholars attribute the initiation of Iran-China relations to the Achaemenid era, others contend that the first direct and formal contacts between the two civilizations occurred during the Parthian period, particularly under the reign of Mithridates II. Zhang Qianʹs historic journey to Iran and his meeting with Mithridates II marked a turning point in Iran-China relations, paving the way for the development of trade and political ties, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Silk Road.Iran-China relations, marked by their ups and downs, have persisted since the pre-Sassanian era. The ties were renewed during the concurrent periods of the Sassanian and Northern Wei dynasties (386-534), with frequent exchanges of embassies between these two powerful empires. During this period, the expansion of land and sea trade significantly bolstered commercial and cultural interactions between the two civilizations. However, the zenith of cultural exchange and interaction between Iran and China occurred during the latter part of the Sassanian Empire, coinciding with the rise of the Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties in China. The political stability and economic prosperity of these Chinese dynasties provided a conducive environment for the expansion of political and commercial relations between the two empires.This research aims to investigate and analyze the depth and breadth of the influence of ancient Iranian cultural elements on China. Drawing on archaeological evidence and historical texts, this study seeks to answer the question of how and to what extent the rich culture of ancient Iran has influenced the art, architecture, religion, and other cultural aspects of China. Given Iranʹs strategic geographic location and the historical significance of the Silk Road, cultural interactions between the Iranian and Chinese civilizations have persisted since antiquity, experiencing numerous fluctuations throughout history. With a particular focus on the Sassanian era, a period of peak relations between Iran and China, this research delves deeper into these influences. The research methodology employed in this study is descriptive-analytical, utilizing library resources and analyzing archaeological artifacts to compare and contrast shared cultural elements between Iran and China. These elements encompass vessels, tombs, coins, motifs, clothing, adornments, texts, art, and architecture.The findings of this research reveal that the influence of Iranian culture on China is evident in various domains, including religion, art, and architecture. By introducing diverse religions and cults, unique art and architecture, as well as facilitating the exchange of goods and technology, the Iranians played a significant role in shaping Chinaʹs cultural identity.
