چكيده لاتين
In recent decades, attention to international logistics issues has sharply increased, as this field plays a crucial role in facilitating trade and enhancing the competitiveness of countries and companies. International logistics involves managing the flow of goods, information, and services from the point of origin to the destination on a global scale, encompassing activities such as material handling, procurement management, packaging, freight transportation, and border clearance. With the rapid growth of international trade and the increasing volume of transportation between countries, sustainability issues in international logistics have become highly significant. evaluating and ranking sustainability indicators in this field can help better understand existing challenges, adopt appropriate measures, and improve performance to maintain sustainability in international logistics. Given the extensive relations between Iran and Yemen, this study, for the first time, focuses on extracting and ranking the three pillars of sustainability indicators related to international logistics between Iran and Yemen to facilitate the improvement of logistical and international relations between these two countries, Initially, through a review of the literature and expert opinions, the key indicators affecting logistics sustainability were identified in three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental. In the economic dimension, the indicators identified include transportation costs, other costs (production and maintenance), management, flexibility, service provision, timely delivery, logistics and customs processes, Being process orientation, time management, and quality. In the social dimension, the indicators identified are health and safety, information systems, customer satisfaction, employment, staff training, social capital development, the importance of human resources in transportation, corporate social responsibility, sustainability reporting, and employee satisfaction. In the environmental dimension, the identified indicators include energy consumption, pollutant emissions, environmental management, the use of environmentally friendly materials, reverse logistics, waste recycling, green technology, and regulations and standards. Subsequently, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach, these factors affecting international logistics sustainability were evaluated and ranked. The results showed that the economic dimension is of high importance, followed by the environmental dimension with medium importance, and the social dimension with less importance. Additionally, the results indicated that in the economic dimension, indicators such as production and maintenance costs, transportation costs, quality, service provision, and logistics and customs processes; in the environmental dimension, indicators such as pollutant emissions, energy consumption, and environmental management; and in the social dimension, indicators like health and safety are recognized as the most important indicators for logistics sustainability between the two countries. This evaluation can help identify the strengths and weaknesses of the logistics system and determine the necessary improvements. Ultimately, this evaluation can contribute to achieving sustainable trade, reducing costs, and increasing efficiency in international transportation, thereby fostering economic development and strengthening international relations.
