چكيده لاتين
Given the foundational role of descent order lists, particularly those based on narrations, in Quranic studies, it is imperative to conduct research on these types of hadith. The descent order of Quranic surahs has been reported in numerous narrations from the companions, followers, and their successors. These narrations appear in various forms and texts within books on Quranic sciences, related topics, tafsirs, and even certain historical sources. Due to factors such as transmission errors, scribal mistakes, or the personal opinions of narrators, authors, and scribes, there are minor discrepancies in the way these narrations are reported in different sources. While the overall structure and order of many surahs are consistent across these narrations, significant inconsistencies in the isnads, content, and various copies of the sources have caused confusion among Quranic scholars. There is no consensus among researchers regarding the number of these narrations, the origins of these lists, or their validity and basis.
The objective of this research is to fill the gap in reference materials for narrative-based lists and to discover the relationships among these lists, their genealogy, origins, validity, and basis. This study, through a meticulous search for sources of narrative lists, particularly the oldest available manuscripts, and a detailed comparison of the content of the available printed and manuscript copies of a single source, has endeavored to compile the narrations of the descent order in a comprehensive and accurate manner. The data and findings of this research are more extensive, comprehensive and accurate than the previous ones and can be a comprehensive reference for researchers. The relationship between the descent order lists and the clues of convergence and divergence in their texts and isnads, which lead to the discovery of their roots and origins, are examined in the genealogy section of each list. Some of these clues include textual characteristics, specific terminology and naming, the common canvas of narrators, and the sects of the authors. The evaluation of the isnads and the text of the narration based on the principles of hadith is presented under the heading of validity assessment. The network of narration isnads, the criticism and commendation of narrators and authors, the status of the connection of the isnad, and the ambiguity of the text are among the criteria for the validity of these narrations. The examination of the criteria for the order of surahs and the discovery of traces of personal opinion in the lists are also included in the section on the basis of these lists.
The result of this research is that based on the indicators of the relationship between the isnads and texts of the narrations, the narrative lists can be traced back to three main lists, which themselves have a common origin: the list of Ata, the list of Kalbi from Abu Salih, and the list of Ikramah and Hasan Basri. According to the isnads of the narrations, the first publishers of these lists were Ata-Khorasani, Kalbi-Kufi, and Hussain ibn Waqid-Maruzi, respectively. They were the authors of books, and it seems that the initial compilation was done by them. Among these, the list of Ata has a longer history of compilation, publication, and fame among the lists. Although Zuhri also had a book and is present in the isnad of several narrations of the descent order, the lack of publication of his narration indicates that the attribution of the list to him is later and invalid. Regarding the other lists, the investigations show that the isnads of none of them are valid and the attribution of any of the lists to Imam Ali (a) and Ibn Abbas cannot be proven. However, based on the evidence and clues, it can be said that these lists have their roots in the writings and historical memory of individuals close to the time of revelation.
