اثر تمرين شبيه‌سازي بازي فوتبال بر رابطه‌ي بين بيومكانيك پاي تكيه‌گاه و عملكرد شوت

One of the fundamental ways for any football team to score goals is through shooting. Given the critical role of shooting in football, the objective of the present study was to analyze biomechanical parameters such as vertical ground reaction force and mediolateral oscillations in the support leg, and to assess their impact on shooting performance before and after a football simulation training protocol. To achieve this goal, the changes in the biomechanical parameters of the support leg were eva‎luated, along with a comparison of shooting performance among participants before and after the simulation training protocol. Thirty football players, each with at least five years of experience playing in the national or provincial premier league, were invited to participate in this study. The participants had a mean age of 22.5 years, an average height of 180.9 cm, and a weight of 74.3 kg, and were selected from a convenience sampling method. The procedure involved each player executing a total of 12 shots at maximum speed, with 6 shots taken before the training protocol and 6 shots taken afterward. In the pre-training phase, the first three shots were taken without precision constraints, while the fourth to sixth shots were executed with precision requirements. Similarly, during the post-training phase, the seventh to ninth shots were taken without precision constraints, and the tenth to twelfth shots were executed with precision requirements. Following the completion of the first set of shots, players underwent the training protocol and then performed the second set of shots to conclude their participation. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between the speed of precise shots and the range of mediolateral oscillations in the support leg after the training protocol (r (88) = -0.283, P = 0.008). In contrast, the correlation between the maximum shooting speed and the vertical ground reaction force in the support leg before the training protocol was positive and significant ( r(30) = 0.363, P = 0.048). Additionally, it was found that there was a significant difference in maximum shooting speed before and after the training protocol ( t(29) = 7.2, P < 0.001 ). Furthermore, the results revealed a significant decrease in the speed of precise shots compared to maximum shooting speed before the training protocol (t(26) = 8.723, P < 0.001). The correlation between the loading rate of precise shots and shooting accuracy scores also showed a significant negative relationship after the training protocol ( r(86) = -0.267, P = 0.013). Overall, it was observed that speed shots and precise shots differ in their biomechanical factors. The biomechanics of football shooting are crucial for improving shooting performance, and examining these biomechanical factors can assist coaches in designing more effective training programs for enhancing their playersʹ shooting capabilities. By paying closer attention to biomechanical factors, it may be possible to improve the outcomes and performance of precise shots. As a suggested approach, strengthening the lower limb muscles could enhance the vertical ground reaction force in the support leg, which appears to have a positive correlation with precise shots. Additionally, if balance training improves the variations in center of pressure on the support leg, according to the findings of this research, it could enhance shot quality and improve shooting performance in football players.

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