چكيده لاتين
Religion, as one of the key factors shaping human lifestyles, plays an important role in determining the principles and rules of marriage. Given that contemporary studies of religions are increasingly focused on comparative work, this research holds particular significance. The aim of this study is to examine the perspectives of Judaism and Christianity on polygamy and to analyze their similarities and differences in this regard. This research has been conducted using library resources, employing a comparative approach and a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that in Judaism, polygamy is recognized as a historical tradition with deep roots in sacred texts, although it was ultimately prohibited by Rabbeinu Gershom, leading to an emphasis on monogamy in contemporary Jewish communities. In Christianity, with the emergence of the teachings of Jesus and an emphasis on love and fidelity, monogamy became a fundamental principle. The Church, particularly the Apostolic Church of Christ, emphasizes monogamy and has established specific conditions for its members who practice polygamy. Additionally, in the Mormon Church, polygamy was established as a religious system but gradually shifted towards monogamy over time. This study also identifies similarities and differences regarding polygamy in these two religions. Some similarities include its acceptance in the Tanakh (Old Testament) and its consideration as part of the social structure of ancient times, the limitations and prohibitions outlined in later texts, the acceptance and emphasis on monogamy in contemporary times, and the social challenges faced by women and children. Conversely, some differences include the acceptance of polygamy in the Tanakh and the emphasis on monogamy in the New Testament, the existence of inequality for women in Judaism, and the emphasis on justice and love between spouses in Christianity, as well as Judaismʹs susceptibility to surrounding cultures and Christianityʹs relative independence from them. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that both religions have gravitated towards monogamy. These changes contribute to a better understanding of the challenges and needs of contemporary societies and reinforce attention to issues related to womenʹs rights and marital relationships. The results of this study can help clarify contemporary discussions about family and human relationships in todayʹs societies.
